Table 1.
Characteristics | UIV group (n = 76) |
BPPV group (n = 74) |
Control group (n = 60) |
P |
---|---|---|---|---|
General demographic data | ||||
Age, y, mean ± SD | 61.59 ± 11.07 | 59.04 ± 11.78 | 58.75 ± 14.36 | > 0.05 |
Sex, F/M | 37/39 | 46/28 | 32/28 | > 0.05 |
VRFs [n(%)] | ||||
Age ≥ 60 years | 40 (52.63) | 37 (50.00) | 26 (43.33) | > 0.05 |
HT | 60 (78.95) | 32 (43.24) | 22 (36.67) | < 0.0125★ |
DM | 20 (26.32) | 7 (9.46) | 11 (18.33) | 0.027 |
Dyslipidemia | 40 (52.63) | 23 (31.01) | 16 (26.67) | < 0.0125★ |
CHD | 11 (14.47) | 6 (8.11) | 6 (10.00) | > 0.05 |
Smoking | 18 (23.68) | 10 (13.51) | 8 (13.33) | > 0.05 |
Number of VRFs ≥ 3 | 47 (61.84) | 14 (18.92) | 21 (35.00) | < 0.0125★ |
Intracranial vascular morphology changes [n(%)] | ||||
ACA stenosis/hypoplasia | 2 (2.63)/2 (2.63) | 1 (1.35)/4 (5.41) | 1 (1.67)/0 (0.00) | > 0.05 |
MCA stenosis | 9 (11.84) | 3 (4.05) | 6 (10.00) | > 0.05 |
PCA stenosis/hypoplasia | 5 (6.58)/3 (3.95) | 0 (0.00)/1 (1.35) | 2 (3.33)/2 (3.33) | > 0.05 |
VAS | 8 (10.53) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | < 0.0125★ |
VAO | 2 (2.63) | 1 (1.35) | 3 (5.00) | > 0.05 |
VAD(VAH) | 53 (69.74) | 29 (39.19) | 14 (23.33) | < 0.0125★ |
Direction of VAD(VAH) | ||||
L side | 33 (43.42) | 19 (25.68) | 12 (20.00) | |
R side | 20 (26.32) | 10 (13.51) | 2 (3.33) | |
BAS | 4 (5.26) | 0 (0.00) | 2 (3.33) | > 0.05 |
BAH | 7 (9.21) | 1 (1.35) | 2 (3.33) | > 0.05 |
BAC | 49 (64.47) | 32 (43.24) | 19 (31.67) | < 0.0125★ |
Direction of BAC | ||||
L side | 6 (7.89) | 10 (13.51) | 5 (8.33) | |
R side | 38 (50.00) | 16 (21.62) | 13 (21.67) | |
Unclassification side | 5 (6.58) | 6 (8.11) | 1 (1.67) | |
Type of BAC | ||||
C-type | 27 (35.53) | 9 (12.16) | 7 (11.67) | |
J-type | 19 (25.00) | 17 (22.97) | 10 (16.67) | |
S-type | 3 (3.95) | 6 (8.11) | 2 (3.33) | |
Degree of BAC | ||||
Grade 0 | 27 (35.53) | 42 (56.76) | 41 (68.33) | < 0.0125★ |
Grade 1 | 23 (30.26) | 24 (32.43) | 12 (20.00) | > 0.05 |
Grade 2 | 21 (27.63) | 7 (9.46) | 4 (6.67) | < 0.0125★ |
Grade 3 | 5 (6.58) | 1 (1.35) | 3 (5.00) | > 0.05 |
Moderate to severe | 26 (34.21) | 8 (10.81) | 7 (11.67) | < 0.0125★ |
UIV indicates undetermined isolated vertigo; BPPV, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo; VRFs, vascular risk factors; HT, hypertension; DM, diabetes mellitus; CHD, coronary heart disease; ACA, anterior cerebral artery; MCA, middle cerebral artery; PCA, posterior cerebral artery; VAS, vertebral artery stenosis; VAO, vertebral artery occlusion; VAD, vertebral artery dominance; VAH, vertebral artery hypoplasia; L, left; R, right; BAS, basilar artery stenosis; BAH, basilar artery hypoplasia; BAC, basilar artery curvature.
Statistical significance was observed in UIV vs. (BPPV and/or Control), (P < 0.0125, respectively), and no statistical significance was observed in BPPV vs. Control (P > 0.05, respectively). “P > 0.05” means there were no statistically significant differences among the three groups, or between any two groups.