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. 2016 Oct 27;11(10):e0165515. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165515

Fig 1. Distribution of essential mutations for CQ, PYR and SDX resistance in Malaysia.

Fig 1

The map shows the distribution of common SNPs for P. falciparum CQ, PYR and SDX resistant previously reported in Pahang [9], Lundu, Sarawak [8] and Sabah: Kalabakan (Tawau Division) [6, 30], Keningau & Nabawan (Interior Division) [39], Kota Kinabalu (West Coast Division) [35], aKota Marudu—present study, bKudat [35] (Kudat Division). This map was generated by using SimpleMappr online software [40]. Pfcrt, Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistant gene; Pfdhfr, Plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase gene; Pfdhps, Plasmodium falciparum dihydropteroate synthase gene; CQ, chloroquine; SDX, sulphadoxine; PYR, pyrimethamine. Amino acids: A, alanine; G, glycine; I, isoleucine; K, lysine; L, leucine N, asparagine; S, serine; T, threonine.