Table 2. Frequency of combined pfdhfr /pfdhps mutants in isolates from Kota Marudu.

Pfdhps codons			Pfdhfr codons					Frequency of mutant genotype
437	540	581	16	51	59	108	164	pfdhfr/ pfdhps combination	% of mutant genotype	No. of mutants samples
G	L	A	A	N	R	N	I	1 pfdhps/ 2 pfdhfr	89.7	26/29
G	L	A	A	N	R	N	L	1 pfdhps/ 3 pfdhfr	3.4	1/29
G	L	G	A	N	R	N	L	2 pfdhps/ 3 pfdhfr	6.9	2/29

Pfcrt, P. falciparum chloroquine transporter gene; pfmdr1, P. falciparum multidrug resistant gene; pfdhfr, P. falciparum dihydropteroate synthase, pfdhps, P. falciparum dihydrofolate reductase. Amino acids: A, alanine, C, cysteine, E, glutamic acid, G, glycine, I, isoleucine, K, lysine, L, leucine, N, asparagine, R, arginine, S, serine, T, threonine, V, valine. Mutation is represented by amino acid in italic bold.