FIG 5 .

Differentiation of core and orphan genes in the 3D7 genome. (A) Orphan genes encoded significantly smaller proteins (Wilcoxon rank sum, P < 0.0001). (B and C) Orphan genes were significantly less transcribed during the infection of wheat leaves (B), and the difference between the minimum and maximum transcription levels was smaller (C) (Wilcoxon rank sum, P < 0.0001). (D) Orphan genes were less likely to encode a protein associated with a protein family (Pfam) domain (Fisher exact test, P < 0.0001). (E and F) Core and orphan genes were similarly likely to encode secreted proteins (E) and proteins targeted for extracellular secretion (F). (G) Orphan genes were more likely to encode candidate effectors based on classifications by EffectorP (43) (Fisher exact test, P = 0.0496).