Table 4. Effect of Demographic and Clinical Features of Patients on Overall Survival According to Univariate and Multiple Cox-Proportional Hazards Regression Analysis.
| Variables | HR (95% CI)† | p-value† | HR (95% CI)‡ | p-value‡ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 1.087 (1.044–1.131) | <0.001 | 1.040 (0.988–1.094) | 0.131 |
| Gender | ||||
| Female | 1.000 | - | - | - |
| Male | 1.106 (0.606–2.017) | 0.743 | - | - |
| ASA* | 3.305 (2.040–5.353) | <0.001 | 2.147 (1.082–4.260) | 0.029 |
| Co-existing Diseases | ||||
| HT* | 2.211 (1.117–4.378) | 0.023 | 1.106 (0.517–2.367) | 0.795 |
| DM* | 1.271 (0.674–2.397) | 0.459 | - | - |
| Goitre | 0.772 (0.187–3.191) | 0.721 | - | - |
| CAHD* | 2.271 (1.255–4.108) | 0.007 | 2.090 (0.965–4.525) | 0061 |
| Pacemaker | 0.048 (0.000–503.618) | 0.521 | - | - |
| AF* | 2.291 (1.017–5.158) | 0.045 | 1.854 (0.664–5.179) | 0.239 |
| Valvular Disease | 1.613 (0.499–5.212) | 0.424 | - | - |
| CHF* | 4.802 (2.117–10.894) | <0.001 | 4.648 (1.504–14.364) | 0.008 |
| COPD* | 1.022 (0.505–2.068) | 0.952 | - | - |
| CRF/CRD* | 1.323 (0.615–2.848) | 0.474 | - | - |
| CVE* | 1.824 (0.900–3.695) | 0.095 | 1.818 (0.784–4.216) | 0.164 |
| Alzheimer | 3.206 (1.643–6.257) | <0.001 | 5.653 (2.176–14.683) | <0.001 |
| Parkinson | 6.063 (2.347–15.659) | <0.001 | 7.213 (2.145–24.252) | <0.001 |
| Alcoholism/Chronic Liver Disease | 0.421 (0.130–1.361) | 0.149 | 0.562 (0137–2.307) | 0.424 |
| Epilepsy | 0.688 (0.095–4.995) | 0.711 | - | - |
| Malignancy | 2.246 (0.948–5.325) | 0.066 | 8.036 (2.601–24.825) | <0.001 |
| Anesthesia Type | ||||
| CSE* | 1.000 | - | 1.000 | - |
| General | 2.162 (0.507–9.226) | 0.298 | 3.240 (0.578–18.156) | 0.181 |
| Spinal | 2.642 (0.507–9.226) | 0.214 | 1.769 (0.285–10.977) | 0.540 |
| LSPNB* | 4.342 (0.971–19.428) | 0.055 | 5.570 (0.805–38.568) | 0.082 |
| Place of Residence | ||||
| House | 1.000 | - | - | - |
| Geriatric Institution | 0.789 (0.244–2.548) | 0.692 | - | - |
| Type of Surgery | ||||
|
IMN Open* IMN Closed* |
1.000 1.781 (0.161–19.650) |
- 0.637 |
- - |
- - |
| Partial Arthroplasty | 3.100 (0.426–22.547) | 0.264 | - | - |
| Total arthroplasty | - | 0.975 | - | - |
| Per-op Complication | 1.925 (0.950–3.899) | 0.069 | 2.812 (1.044–7.575) | 0.041 |
| Fracture type | ||||
| Femoral neck | 1.000 | - | 1000 | - |
| Trochanteric | 1.666 (0.901–3.081) | 0.104 | 1.361 (0.602–3.079) | 0.459 |
| Prosthesis Fixation | ||||
| Non -cemented | 1.000 | - | 1.000 | - |
| Cemented | 2.076 (1.122–3.839) | 0.020 | 2.624 (1.192–5.777) | 0.017 |
| Re-fracture | 0.047 (0.000–92.964) | 0431 | - | - |
*ASA(American society of Anesthesiologists), HT(hypertension), DM(Diabetes mellitus), CAHD(Coronary artery heart disease), AF(atrial fibrillation), CHF(congestive heart failure), COPD(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), CRF/CRD(chronic renal failure/chronic renal disease), CVE(cerebral vascular events-thrombosis or hemorrhage), CSE(combined spino-epidural anesthesia), LSPNB(Lomber somatic block&peripheral nerve bolcks), IMN(intramedullary nailing)
HR: Hazards Ratio, CI: Confidence Interval
† Univariate Cox-Proportional Hazards Regression Analyses
‡ Multiple Cox-Proportional Hazards Regression Analysis after adjustment for all possible confounding factors.