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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Dev Psychol. 2016 Sep 5;52(11):1805–1819. doi: 10.1037/dev0000165

Table 1.

Descriptives of study variables

N M (SD) Range
Age 2

DC behavior (PC) 725 7.72 (2.86) 2–17
DC behavior (AC) 414 6.16 (2.43) 2–15
Behavior problems (PC) 687 127.00 (27.83) 52–233
Behavior problems (AC) 362 113.28 (28.14) 43–213
Age 3

DC behavior (PC) 649 7.62 (3.13) 2–18
DC behavior (AC) 411 6.73 (3.05) 2–18
Behavior problems (PC) 615 125.05 (31.87) 50–219
Behavior problems (AC) 384 112.60 (29.53) 41–203
Age 9.5

Aggressive behavior (PC) 586 7.90 (6.79) 0–32
Aggressive behavior (AC) 426 6.99 (6.16) 0–31
Aggressive behavior (T) 385 5.30 (7.49) 0–37
Rule-breaking behavior (PC) 586 2.81 (2.77) 0–20
Rule-breaking behavior (AC) 427 2.51 (2.58) 0–19
Rule-breaking behavior (T) 385 2.26 (2.87) 0–16
CU behavior total score (PC) 533 18.33 (8.83) 0–52
CU behavior total score (AC) 392 19.41 (8.61) 0–49

Note. PC = primary caregiver; AC = alternative caregiver; T = teacher; CU = callous-unemotional; DC = deceitful-callous. We report means and standard deviations for observed summed scores for DC behavior and behavior problems at ages 2 and 3 and CU behavior at age 9.5 for ease of interpretation. The DC behavior summed scale comprises scores on five items from three different behavior questionnaires: the CBCL, 0 – 2 scals (0 = not true, 1 = somewhat true; 2 = very true); the Eyberg, 1–7 scale (1 = never; 4 = seldom; 7 = always); and the ACRS, 1–5 scale (1 = definitely note; 3 = not sure; 5 = definitely). The behavior problems scale comprises 35 items from the Eyberg, 7-point scale (1 = never; 4 = sometimes; 7 = always (see Methods). While summary statistics for summed scores are presented in this table, the majority of subsequent analyses modeled latent factors for measures (see Figures 13). Rule-breaking and aggressive behavior scores were log-transformed for subsequent analyses to account for negative skew.