Table 1.

Descriptives of study variables

	N	M (SD)	Range
Age 2
DC behavior (PC)	725	7.72 (2.86)	2–17
DC behavior (AC)	414	6.16 (2.43)	2–15
Behavior problems (PC)	687	127.00 (27.83)	52–233
Behavior problems (AC)	362	113.28 (28.14)	43–213
Age 3
DC behavior (PC)	649	7.62 (3.13)	2–18
DC behavior (AC)	411	6.73 (3.05)	2–18
Behavior problems (PC)	615	125.05 (31.87)	50–219
Behavior problems (AC)	384	112.60 (29.53)	41–203
Age 9.5
Aggressive behavior (PC)	586	7.90 (6.79)	0–32
Aggressive behavior (AC)	426	6.99 (6.16)	0–31
Aggressive behavior (T)	385	5.30 (7.49)	0–37
Rule-breaking behavior (PC)	586	2.81 (2.77)	0–20
Rule-breaking behavior (AC)	427	2.51 (2.58)	0–19
Rule-breaking behavior (T)	385	2.26 (2.87)	0–16
CU behavior total score (PC)	533	18.33 (8.83)	0–52
CU behavior total score (AC)	392	19.41 (8.61)	0–49

Note. PC = primary caregiver; AC = alternative caregiver; T = teacher; CU = callous-unemotional; DC = deceitful-callous. We report means and standard deviations for observed summed scores for DC behavior and behavior problems at ages 2 and 3 and CU behavior at age 9.5 for ease of interpretation. The DC behavior summed scale comprises scores on five items from three different behavior questionnaires: the CBCL, 0 – 2 scals (0 = not true, 1 = somewhat true; 2 = very true); the Eyberg, 1–7 scale (1 = never; 4 = seldom; 7 = always); and the ACRS, 1–5 scale (1 = definitely note; 3 = not sure; 5 = definitely). The behavior problems scale comprises 35 items from the Eyberg, 7-point scale (1 = never; 4 = sometimes; 7 = always (see Methods). While summary statistics for summed scores are presented in this table, the majority of subsequent analyses modeled latent factors for measures (see Figures 1–3). Rule-breaking and aggressive behavior scores were log-transformed for subsequent analyses to account for negative skew.