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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Dev Psychol. 2016 Sep 5;52(11):1805–1819. doi: 10.1037/dev0000165

Table 3.

Multi-trait multi-method models examining age 2 primary and alternative caregiver reports of DC behavior and behavior problems predicting aggressive, rule-breaking, and CU behavior at age 9.5

Aggression
Primary caregiver reports Alternative caregiver reports Teacher reports

B(SE) β B(SE) β B(SE) β
Informant factors Primary caregiver factor .04(.01) .25*** .02(.007) .16** .02(.01) .10*
Alternative caregiver factor .02(.01) .16** .02(.008) .13* −.002(.01) −.01

Construct/ ‘trait’ factors Behavior problems factor .02(.01) .13** .02(.009) .11 .003(.01) .02
DC behavior factor .03(.01) .19*** .02(.01) .17* .01(.01) .08
Rule-breaking
Primary caregiver reports Alternative caregiver reports Teacher reports

B (SE) B B(SE) β B(SE) β
Informant factors Primary caregiver factor .02(.003) .24*** .01(.004) .13** .01(.005) .10*
Alternative caregiver factor .01(.004) .12* .01(.005) .13* .001(.006) .001

Construct/‘trait’ factors Behavior problems factor .01(.004) .10* .005(.005) .06 .003(.006) .04
DC behavior factor .02(.01) .23*** .01(.006) .10 .003(.006) .04

Note.

p < .10,

*

p < .05,

**

p < .01,

***

p < .001.

PC = primary caregiver; AC = alternative caregiver; CU = callous unemotional; DC = deceitful-callous. See Figure 2 for hypothesized model. We examined whether DC behavior and behavior problem ‘trait’ factors and primary caregiver and alternative caregiver ‘method’ factors at age 3 predicted aggression and rule-breaking at ages 9.5 assessed via primary and alternative caregiver and teacher reports (i.e., across informant and settings). We controlled for within-time correlations of DC behavior and behavior problems factors. We ran models controlling for intervention group, project location, child gender, ethnicity and race, family income, and parent education – findings unchanged.