Table 3.

Multi-trait multi-method models examining age 2 primary and alternative caregiver reports of DC behavior and behavior problems predicting aggressive, rule-breaking, and CU behavior at age 9.5

		Aggression
		Primary caregiver reports		Alternative caregiver reports		Teacher reports
		B(SE)	β	B(SE)	β	B(SE)	β
Informant factors	Primary caregiver factor	.04(.01)	.25***	.02(.007)	.16**	.02(.01)	.10*
	Alternative caregiver factor	.02(.01)	.16**	.02(.008)	.13*	−.002(.01)	−.01
Construct/ ‘trait’ factors	Behavior problems factor	.02(.01)	.13**	.02(.009)	.11†	.003(.01)	.02
	DC behavior factor	.03(.01)	.19***	.02(.01)	.17*	.01(.01)	.08

		Rule-breaking
		Primary caregiver reports		Alternative caregiver reports		Teacher reports
		B (SE)	B	B(SE)	β	B(SE)	β
Informant factors	Primary caregiver factor	.02(.003)	.24***	.01(.004)	.13**	.01(.005)	.10*
	Alternative caregiver factor	.01(.004)	.12*	.01(.005)	.13*	.001(.006)	.001
Construct/‘trait’ factors	Behavior problems factor	.01(.004)	.10*	.005(.005)	.06	.003(.006)	.04
	DC behavior factor	.02(.01)	.23***	.01(.006)	.10	.003(.006)	.04

Note.

^†p < .10,

^*p < .05,

^**p < .01,

^***p < .001.

PC = primary caregiver; AC = alternative caregiver; CU = callous unemotional; DC = deceitful-callous. See Figure 2 for hypothesized model. We examined whether DC behavior and behavior problem ‘trait’ factors and primary caregiver and alternative caregiver ‘method’ factors at age 3 predicted aggression and rule-breaking at ages 9.5 assessed via primary and alternative caregiver and teacher reports (i.e., across informant and settings). We controlled for within-time correlations of DC behavior and behavior problems factors. We ran models controlling for intervention group, project location, child gender, ethnicity and race, family income, and parent education – findings unchanged.