Table 4.

Multi-trait multi-method models examining age 3 primary and alternative caregiver reports of DC behavior and behavior problems predicting aggressive, rule-breaking, and CU behavior at age 9.5

		Aggression
		Primary caregiver reports		Alternative caregiver reports		Teacher reports
		B(SE)	β	B(SE)	β	B(SE)	β
Informant factors	Primary caregiver factor	.04(.01)	.28***	.01(.007)	.08	−.004(.01)	−.02
	Alternative caregiver factor	.01(.01)	.05	.03(.01)	.19**	−.01(.01)	−.03
Construct/ trait factors	Behavior problems factor	.02(.01)	.10	.02(.01)	.13	−.004(.02)	−.02
	DC behavior factor	.05(.01)	.32***	.04(.01)	.28**	.03(.02)	.18, p = .10

		Rule-breaking
		Primary caregiver reports		Alternative caregiver reports		Teacher reports
		B (SE)	B	B(SE)	β	B(SE)	β
Informant factors	Primary caregiver factor	.02(.004)	.26***	.01(.004)	.07	.002(.003)	.02
	Alternative caregiver factor	.002(.004)	.03	.01(.004)	.13*	−.01(.006)	−.15*
Construct/ trait factors	Behavior problems factor	.003(.01)	.03	−.001(.007)	−v.02	−.001(.01)	−.01
	DC behavior factor	.03(.01)	.33***	.03(.001)	.37***	.01(.01)	.13

Note.

^†p < .10,

^*p < .05,

^**p < .01,

^***p < .001.

PC = primary caregiver; AC = alternative caregiver; CU = callous unemotional; DC = deceitful-callous. See Figure 2 for hypothesized model. We examined whether DC behavior and behavior problem factors or primary caregiver and alternative caregiver method factors at age 3 predicted aggression and rule-breaking at ages 9.5 (across informants and settings). We controlled for within-time correlations of DC behavior and behavior problems factors. We ran models controlling for the following relevant demographic covariates: intervention group, project location, child gender, ethnicity and race, family income, and parent education. The pattern of findings was unchanged when these covariates were included in models, and thus results are not presented for brevity.