Table 2. Effects of Hemin and Placebo Infusions on Heme-Oxygenase-1, Gastric Emptying, and Autonomic Functions ^a.

	Placebo	Hemin
Venous plasma HO1 protein concentrations (ng/mL) b
Baseline (n=19)	1.5 ± 0.1	1.6 ± 0.3
Day 3 (n=18)	1.5 ± 0.3	10.6 ± 2.3c
Day 7 (n=16)	1.2 ± 0.2	7.0 ± 2.1d
Day 56 (n=13)	1.0 ± 0.1	2.6 ± 0.8
Venous monocyte HO1 activity (pmol bilirubin/mg/h)
Baseline (n=18)	42.1 ± 10.9	38.5 ± 12.0
Day 3 (n=17)	48.1 ± 12.9	373.9 ± 82.8c
Day 7 (n=16)	36.1 ± 12.0	126.2 ± 51.3
Day 56 (n=12)	60.1 ± 23.0	30.1 ± 12.7
Gastric emptying, t50(min)
Baseline (n=19)	160.1 ± 16.3	161.8 ± 6.7
Day 3 (n=19)	155.4 ± 16.5	155.6 ± 9.1
Day 7 (n=17)	155.4 ± 15.0	154.0 ± 6.5
Day 56 (n=15)	153.4 ± 16.4	161.2 ± 6.2
Autonomic functions
CASS vagal score – baseline (n=17)	1.7 ± 1.1	1.6 ± 0.5
CASS vagal score – day 56 (n=17)	1.9 ± 0.4	1.2 ± 0.4
CASS adrenergic score – baseline (n=11)	1.6 ± 1.3	1.0 ± 0.5
CASS adrenergic score – day 56 (n=11)	1.2 ± 0.6	0.6 ± 0.4

Abbreviations: CASS, Composite Autonomic Severity Score; HO1, heme oxygenase

^aData shown as mean ± SEM.

^bRefers to number of subjects in whom assessments could be performed, data were available, and analyzed

^cP<0.001 and

^dP<0.01 versus placebo