Table 2.
Association of demographic and HIV disease characteristics with clinical-ratings-based global neurocognitive impairment.
| Unimpaired (N = 17) | Impaired (N = 21) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, median (IQR) | 50 (46-55) | 50 (45-53) | 0.18 |
| Sex, No. (%) | 0.36 | ||
| Female | 1 (6) | 4 (19) | |
| Male | 16 (94) | 17 (81) | |
| Ethnicity, No. (%) | 0.80 | ||
| Black | 8 (47) | 9 (43) | |
| Hispanic | 1 (6) | 3 (14) | |
| Caucasian | 8 (47) | 9 (43) | |
| Education years, median (IQR) | 13 (12-15) | 14 (12-16) | 0.34 |
| Neurocognitive comorbidity, No. (%) | 0.28 | ||
| Contributing | 3 (18) | 8 (38) | |
| Incidental | 14 (82) | 13 (62) | |
| Hepatitis C status, No. (%) | 0.43 | ||
| Negative | 12 (71) | 18 (86) | |
| Positive | 5 (29) | 3 (14) | |
| Estimated duration of infection (years), median (IQR) | 11.9 (10.3-15.5) | 7.3 (3.3-16.4) | 0.09 |
| Sexually transmitted infections, No. (%)* | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 2 (12) | 2 (10) | |
| No | 15 (88) | 19 (90) | |
| Current CD4 T-cell count, median cells/μL (IQR) | 578 (424-906) | 382 (137-537) | 0.028 |
| Nadir CD4 T-cell count, median cells/μL (IQR) | 199 (19-400) | 101 (15-162) | 0.043 |
| Plasma viral load, median log10 copies/mL (IQR) | <1.7 (1.7-2.96) | <1.7 (1.7-2.76) | 0.90 |
| Detectable plasma viral load, N (%) | 0.75 | ||
| Undetectable | 10 (59) | 11 (52) | |
| Detectable | 7 (41) | 10 (48) | |
| CSF viral load, median log10 copies/mL (IQR) | <1.7 (1.7-1.7) | <1.7 (1.7-1.7) | 0.12 |
| Detectable CSF viral load, N (%) | 0.24 | ||
| Undetectable | 14 (100) | 15 (83) | |
| Detectable | 0 (0) | 3 (17) | |
| Overall risk factor for HIV infection, No. (%) | 0.49 | ||
| Sexual exposures | 17 (100) | 19 (90) | |
| IVDU | 0 (0) | 2 (10) | |
| GDS median (IQR) | 0.2 (0.0-0.4) | 0.6 (0.5-1.1) | <0.0001 |
| DI status, No. (%) | 0.15 | ||
| Monoinfection | 15 (52) | 14 (48) | |
| Dual infection | 2 (22) | 7 (78) | |
| Adjusted analysis of effect of dual infection on neurocognitive impairment | ||
|---|---|---|
| Predictor | OR (95% CI) | p value |
| Dual vs. mono-infection | 18.30 (1.94, 414.16) | 0.028 |
| Estimated duration of infection, per year | 0.87 (0.74, 0.99) | 0.17 |
| Current CD4 T-cell count, per cell | 0.997 (0.994, 0.999) | 0.017 |
*
Sexually transmitted infections included syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, and herpes simplex.
IQR: interquartile range; GDS, global deficit score; CSF: cerebrospinal fluid; MSM: men who have sex with men; IVDU: intravenous drug use; DI: HIV dual infection; NC: neurocognitive.