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Inclusion and exclusion criteria
| Inclusion criteria |
| Scheduled for a visit to one of three surgical clinics in Vancouver, Canada |
| Agreed to participate in the study and provided informed consent |
| Exclusion criteria |
| Unable to give informed consent on their own behalf |
| Standard contraindications to tourniquet use |
| Vascular disease or circulation problems in the extremities |
| History or indication of deep vein thrombosis |
