Table 1.
Sociodemographic characteristics of study respondents
| Sociodemographic characteristics | Hepatitis type | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total study sample | HBV | HCV | p values* | |
| All sample | 999 | 499 | 500 | |
| Mean age in years (SD) | 41 (13) | 37 (12) | 45 (13) | <0.001 |
| Sex | ||||
| Female | 278 (28 %) | 106 (21 %) | 172 (34 %) | <0.001 |
| Male | 721 (72 %) | 393 (79 %) | 328 (66 %) | |
| Religion | ||||
| Hindu | 754 (75 %) | 405 (81 %) | 349 (70 %) | <0.001 |
| Muslim | 64 (6 %) | 38 (8 %) | 26 (5 %) | |
| Sikh | 81 (8 %) | 24 (5 %) | 57 (11 %) | |
| Christian | 93 (9 %) | 28 (6 %) | 65 (13 %) | |
| Other | 7 (1 %) | 4 (1 %) | 3 (1 %) | |
| Duration of hepatitisa | ||||
| Less than 1 year | 505 (51 %) | 259 (52 %) | 246 (49 %) | 0.365 |
| 2–5 years | 275 (28 %) | 125 (25 %) | 150 (30 %) | |
| >5 years | 100 (10 %) | 53 (11 %) | 47 (9 %) | |
| Refused/do not know | 119 (12 %) | 62 (12 %) | 57 (11 %) | |
| Healthcare practice type | ||||
| Private practice | 606 (61 %) | 303 (61 %) | 303 (61 %) | 0.686 |
| Community clinic | 72 (7 %) | 36 (7 %) | 36 (7 %) | |
| Government program | 282 (28 %) | 137 (27 %) | 145 (29 %) | |
| Refused/DK | 39 (4 %) | 23 (5 %) | 16 (3 %) | |
| Geographic region of India | ||||
| North | 250 (25 %) | 125 (25 %) | 125 (25 %) | 1.000 |
| South | 249 (25 %) | 124 (25 %) | 125 (25 %) | |
| West | 250 (25 %) | 125 (25 %) | 125 (25 %) | |
| East | 250 (25 %) | 125 (25 %) | 125 (25 %) | |
| Family history of hepatitisa | ||||
| Yes | 194 (19 %) | 122 (24 %) | 72 (14 %) | <0.001 |
| No/Ref/DK | 805 (81 %) | 377 (76 %) | 428 (86 %) | |
| Family death due to hepatitisa | ||||
| Yes | 82 (8 %) | 49 (10 %) | 33 (7 %) | 0.064 |
| No/Ref/DK | 917 (92 %) | 450 (90 %) | 467 (93 %) | |
| Community awareness of hepatitisa | ||||
| Yes | 303 (30 %) | 147 (29 %) | 156 (31 %) | 0.549 |
| No/Ref/DK | 696 (70 %) | 352 (71 %) | 344 (69 %) | |
| Clinical laboratory values, median (IQR) | ||||
| ALT, U/l | 50 (39–72) | 73 (50–112) | <0.001 | |
| Albumin, g/dl | 4.3 (3.9–4.5) | 3.8 (3.2–4.3) | <0.001 | |
| Total bilirubin, g/dl | 0.6 (0.4–1.0) | 0.8 (0.5–1.3) | <0.001 | |
| Direct bilirubin, mg/dl | 0.1 (0.1–0.2) | 0.2 (0.1–0.5) | <0.001 | |
| APRI | 0.4 (0.3–1.0) | 1.4 (0.6–3.1) | <0.001 | |
| MELD | 7 (6–9) | 8 (7–11) | <0.001 | |
* p values were calculated using chi-square tests of association for categorical sociodemographic characteristics and analysis of variance for continuous sociodemographic characteristics
aFor HBV respondents, questions were asked in reference to HBV; for HCV respondents, questions were asked in reference to HCV