Table 1.
Various breath VOCs and their concentrations in healthy normal subjects and lung cancer patients
| Sl. no. | VOC | Concentration (range/median/mean)a values (ppb) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Normal healthy subjects | Lung cancer patients | ||
| 1 | Isoprene [3, 10, 15, 16, 208] | 12.71 [209] to 227 [210] | 80–225.6 [208] |
| 2 | Acetone [3, 15, 16, 199, 211–213] | 44 [199] to 2744 [83] | 150–870 [131] |
| 3 | 2-Pentanone [15, 199] | 1.80–4.11 [199] | 3.25–8.77 [199] |
| 4 | Ethylbenzene [3, 15, 16, 199, 208, 213, 214] | 0.28 [208] to 18.38 [199] | 1.45–3.16 [199] |
| 5 | Xylenes | 0.54–1.43 [208] | 1.1–2.76 [208] |
| 6 | Toluene [199, 208, 211–213] | 1.45–37.21 [199] | – |
| 7 | Ethane [15, 215] | 0.51–1.02 (non-smokers) [216] | – |
| 8 | Pentane | 6.84–14.36 [199] | 1.73 [199] to 28.3 [208] |
| 9 | Propane [212–214] | 3.71–19.98 [212] | – |
| 10 | Ethanol [2, 15, 16, 211–213, 215] | 27 [217] to 216.1 [218] | 64–2160 [131] |
| 11 | Methanol [2, 16, 213] | 33.05–216.1 [218] | 63–110 [131] |
| 12 | Undecane [15, 16] | 0–4.83 [219] | – |
| 13 | Nonanal [15, 16, 220, 221] | 0.18 [220] to 2.44 [221] | 0.8 [220] to 12.61 [221] |
| 14 | Benzene [3, 15, 16, 199, 208, 213, 215] | 0.7 [208] to 14.97 [199] | 1.29–3.82 [199] |
| 15 | Heptane [3, 15, 16, 208, 215] | 0.13–0.39 [208] | 0.04–0.86 [208] |
| 16 | 2-Methylpentane [15, 16, 199, 208, 213, 215] | 0.08 [208] to 10.80 [199] | 0.93 [199] to 7.6 [208] |
| 17 | Butanal [199, 211, 215, 220, 221] | 0.18 [220] to 72.2 [211] | 0.48 [220] to 131.4 [211] |
| 18 | Acetonitrile [199, 211–213] | 5.99–28.98 [199] | 10.96–23.60 [199] |
| 19 | Butane [16, 211–213] | 3.6–14.8 [211] | 3.3–9.2 [211] |
| 20 | 2-Propanol (isopropanol) [15, 16, 199, 213] | 3.21 [199] to 94.1 [13] | 84.2–340.7 [211] |
| 21 | 3-Methylpentane [15, 16, 199, 212, 213] | 1.05–8.76 [199] | 0.94–8.87 [199] |
| 22 | Hexane [15, 16, 199, 211–213] | 0.29–12.86 [212] | 1.44–1.88 [199] |
| 23 | Styrene [16, 208, 213] | 0.14–0.55 [208] | 0.22–0.95 [208] |
| 24 | Octane [15, 16, 208, 213] | 0.1–1.29 [208] | 0.57–2.87 [208] |
| 25 | Decane [15, 16, 208, 213] | 0.36–10.3 [208] | 7.1–33.6 [208] |
| 26 | 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene [15, 16, 208] | 0.12–0.28 [208] | 0.24–0.56 [208] |
| 27 | Hexanal [15, 220] | 0.18–0.35 [220] | 0.68–1.47 [220] |
| 28 | Pentanal [15, 220] | 0.11–0.37 [220] | 0.32–1.08 [220] |
| 29 | Methanethiol [212] | 1.83–2.87 [212] | – |
| 30 | Dimethyl sulfide [211, 212] | 6.9–7.9 [211] | 0–6.9 [211] |
| 31 | 2-Methyl-1,3-butadiene | 96.4 (median) [211] | 132.7 (median) [211] |
| 32 | 1-Butanol [222] | 0.75 (median) [222] | – |
aData in other units (e.g., nmol/l, μg/l, etc.) are converted to equivalent ppb unit, considering breath temperature at 310° K and following the conversation formula applied in Ref. [212]