Table 4.
Balloon assisted enteroscopy cases with procedure related perforation
| Study | Demographics | Site and characteristics of perforation | Therapy | Procedure | Outcome after perforation |
| Despott et al[33] | Long standing CD (> 30 yr) with 5 prior SB resections currently on azathioprine and steroids | 3 jejunal strictures (2 inflammatory, 1 fibrotic) with severe ulcerations at stricture sites | Dilated to maximum of 16.5 mm | DBE - Technically difficult due to adhesion-related angulations and fixation, and strictures were significantly ulcerated | Perforation diagnosed within 8 h, patient had laparotomy and temporary jejunostomy. Patient made full recovery and jejunostomy was reversed. |
| Gill et al[34] | Retained video capsule in patient with known CD | Non-obstructing jejunal stricture with mild inflammation and ulceration at the stricture site | Dilated to 15 mm | DBE - otherwise not specified | Underwent surgery, outcome otherwise not specified. |
| Gill et al[34] | Known CD patient had previously responded well to dilation up to 15 mm | Distal obstructing ileal stricture with mild inflammation and ulceration at the stricture site | Dilated to 15 mm | DBE - otherwise not specified | Underwent surgery, outcome otherwise not specified. |
| Halloran et al[35] | Known CD patient who had undergone prior surgical resection. | Scarred bowel loop adhesion site | Not specified | DBE - Perforation occurred with overtube advancement and straightening of a scarred bowel loop | Outcome not specified. |
| Ding et al[85] | Known CD patient | SB stricture, otherwise not specified | Dilation related perforation, otherwise not specified | DBE - Dilation related perforation, otherwise not specified | Perforation diagnosed within 12 h, patient had laparotomy and resection with ileostomy. |
| Bartel et al[49] | Retained video capsule in patient with known CD | SB stricture, otherwise not specified | Not specified | DBE - Otherwise not specified | Emergent surgical intervention, otherwise outcome not specified. |
| Rahman et al[48] | Known CD patient | Ulcer at anastomosis site | Not specified | DBE - Perforation directly related to ulcer at anastomosis | Patient made full recovery after surgical resection and primary reanastomosis. |
| Navaneethan et al[94] | Known CD patient | Not specified | Not specified | Not specified | Underwent surgery, outcome otherwise not specified |
| Arihiro et al[96] | Known CD patient | SB stricture, otherwise not specified | Dilation related perforation, otherwise not specified | SBE - Dilation related perforation, otherwise not specified | Patient improved over time without any surgical intervention. |
| Hirai et al[91] | Known CD patient | SB stricture, otherwise not specified | Dilation related perforation, otherwise not specified | DBE - Dilation related perforation, otherwise not specified | Patient had emergency partial ileal resection and made a full recovery. |
CD: Crohn’s disease; SB: Small bowel; DBE: Double balloon enteroscopy; SBE: Single balloon enteroscopy.