Table 1.

Hospital and patient characteristics at baseline. Values are N (%) unless otherwise indicated.

Variable	Non-referral hospitals	Referral hospitals	P-value
Hospital characteristic, No.	11	3
Total beds
<200	6 (55)	1 (33)	0.06
200 to 400	5 (46)	2 (66)
> 400	0 (0)	0 (0)
Total ICU beds
<10	2 (18)	0 (0)	0.35
10 to 20	3 (27)	0 (0)
>20	6 (55)	3 (100)
Total admissions, median [IQR]	9,362 [7471 – 14437]	18,375 [18,806 – 34,791]	0.01
Total inpatient days, median [IQR]	42,161 [25,562-49,168]	125,189 [118,455 – 155,386]	0.01
Total operations, median [IQR]	8,295 [5,327 – 11,445]	14,692 [12,131-26,962]	0.06
Resident FTEs, median [IQR]	4 [0 – 33]	225 [51 – 433]	0.02
Critical access hospital	2 (18)	0 (0)	1.0
Patient characteristic, No.	119,117	76,817
Age, median [IQR], years	52 [28 – 72]	44 [27 – 62]	<0.01
Male gender	46,435 (39)	33,524 (44)	<0.01
Received eligible prehospital care*	14,824 (12.4)	5,571 (7.3)	<0.01
Mechanical ventilation	2,517 (2.1)	3,108 (4.1)	<0.01
Hemodialysis	1,710 (1.4)	1,000 (1.3)	0.01
Intensive care	16,850 (14)	13,929 (18)	<0.01
Hospital length of stay, median [IQR], days	2 [1 – 4]	3 [1 - 5]	<0.01
ICU length of stay, median [IQR], days	2 [1 - 3]	2 [1 - 4]	<0.01
In-hospital mortality	2,229 (1.9)	1,693 (2.2)	<0.01
In-hospital mortality among ICU patients	1,235 (7.3)	1,256 (9.0)	<0.01

Abbreviations: FTE = full time equivalent, ICU = intensive care unit , QR = interquartile range

^*Includes only prehospital transports of age>=18 years, non-cardiac arrest, non-trauma, in whom three or more vital signs were documented.