Table 1.
Uterus and breast doses from studies with different dental modalities and head CT for comparison
| Modality | Dental device | Uterus dose (μGy) | Breast dose (μGy) | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bitewing (film, rect. coll.) | 0.55 (0.01) | Ludlow17,a | ||
| FM intraoral (film, rect. coll.) | 0.21 (0.09) | Ludlow17,a | ||
| FM intraoral (film, round cone coll.) | 1.04–2.37 (0.43–0.97) | Ludlow17,a | ||
| Intraoral (film) | Siemens Heliodent | 0.5–1.7b | Lecomber and Faulkner18 | |
| Intraoral (film) | Siemens Heliodent | 0.3–0.7c | Lecomber and Faulkner18 | |
| Intraoral (film) | Siemens Heliodent | 2.66 (2.36) | Buch et al19 | |
| Intraoral (digital) | Gendex | 2.4 (2.23) | Buch et al19 | |
| Panoramic (digital) | SCANORA® 3D | 31.8–39.0 (35.9–53.8) | 2.3–27.4 (5.1–36.6) | Rottke et al20 |
| Panoramic (digital) | ProMax® 3D | 19.8–75.6 (17.3–85.4) | 7.1–84.1 (3.8–92.8) | Rottke et al20 |
| Panoramic | Instrumentarium | 7.97 (2.24) | Buch et al19 | |
| Panoramic | 1.77 (0.04) | Ludlow17,a | ||
| PA cephalometric | 0.56 (0.01) | Ludlow17,a | ||
| Lateral cephalometric | 0.62 (0.01) | Ludlow17,a | ||
| CBCT | 3D Accuitomo | 0.01–0.03 | Okano et al21 | |
| CBCT | CB MercuRay® | 0.16d | Okano et al21 | |
| CBCT | 3D Accuitomo | 0.05–0.16 | 9.10–32.25 | Okano et al21 |
| CBCT | CB MercuRay | 1.46d | 145.91d | Okano et al21 |
| CBCT (small FOV) | 8.1–53.7 (0.2–1.2) | Ludlow17,a | ||
| CBCT (medium FOV) | 7.6–61.6 (0.2–1.4) | Ludlow17,a | ||
| CBCT (large FOV) | 7.5–62.6 (0.2–1.4) | Ludlow17 | ||
| CBCT | Alphard VEGA | 0.1,e 0.2–0.4,f 1g,h | 13,e 16–21,f 34,g 27h | Okano et al22 |
| CBCT | 3DX multi-image micro CT | 3–6i | Okano et al22 | |
| Head CT | Toshiba Xpress | 320 (75) | Beaconsfield et al23 |
CBVI, cone-beam volumetric imaging; FM, full mouth; FOV, field of view; PA, posteroanterior; rect.coll., rectangular collimator.
Doses reduced with a lead shield, when available, appear in parenthesis
Values are presented with the accuracy of the original publications.
Dental device manufacturers are as follows: 3D Accuitomo (J Morita Mfg. Corp., Kyoto, Japan); 3DX multi-image micro CT (J Morita Mfg. Corp.); Alphard VEGA (Asahi Roentgen Ind., Co., Ltd, Kyoto, Japan); CB MercuRay (Hitachi Medical Corp., Tokyo, Japan); Gendex (Gendex Dental Systems, Hatfield, PA); Instrumentarium (Instrumentarium Dental, Tuusula, Finland); ProMax 3D (Planmeca Oy, Helsinki, Finland); SCANORA 3D (Soredex, Tuusula, Finland); Siemens Heliodent (Siemens, Erlangen, Germany); Toshiba Xpress (Toshiba Electron Tubes & Devices Co., Ltd, Tochigi, Japan).
Absorbed doses calculated from the effective doses given by Ludlow17 using percentages of effective dose contribution of indirectly irradiated tissues. For the dental devices, see Ludlow.17
Bisecting angle technique.
Paralleling technique.
Implant mode (FOV 102 × 102 mm2).
Dental mode (FOV 51 × 51 mm2).
Special implant mode (FOV 102 × 60 mm2), implant mode (FOV 102 × 102 mm2).
Panoramic mode (FOV 154 × 154 mm2).
Cephalo mode (FOV 200 × 179 mm2).
FOV 40 × 30 mm2.