Table 4.
Multivariate-adjusted odds ratios (95% CI) for carotid intima-media thickening by quartiles (Q) of urinary sodium/creatinine ratio stratified by gender, body mass index and hypertension status a.
| n | Odds Ratios (95% CI) | P1 b | P2 c | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | ||||
| Carotid plaque | |||||||
| Gender | |||||||
| Male | 904 | 1.00 | 0.66 (0.44–0.98) | 0.81 (0.54–1.21) | 1.02 (0.67–1.56) | 0.787 | 0.484 |
| Female | 1907 | 1.00 | 1.29 (0.95–1.74) | 1.16 (0.86–1.58) | 1.38 (1.01–1.89) | 0.087 | |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | |||||||
| <25 | 1965 | 1.00 | 0.86 (0.64–1.15) | 1.07 (0.80–1.43) | 0.99 (0.73–1.33) | 0.712 | 0.074 |
| ≥25 | 850 | 1.00 | 1.29 (0.83–2.00) | 1.18 (0.75–1.86) | 1.87 (1.16–3.01) | 0.020 | |
| Hypertension d | |||||||
| Yes | 1086 | 1.00 | 0.97 (0.68–1.40) | 0.99 (0.69–1.43) | 1.52 (1.05–2.20) | 0.031 | 0.132 |
| No | 1729 | 1.00 | 1.01 (0.73–1.40) | 1.22 (0.88–1.68) | 1.00 (0.72–1.40) | 0.706 | |
| CCA thickening | |||||||
| Gender | |||||||
| Male | 904 | 1.00 | 0.79 (0.53–1.20) | 1.09 (0.72–1.65) | 1.10 (0.70–1.70) | 0.434 | 0.945 |
| Female | 1907 | 1.00 | 1.05 (0.78–1.41) | 1.21 (0.90–1.63) | 1.23 (0.90–1.67) | 0.129 | |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | |||||||
| <25 | 1965 | 1.00 | 1.58 (1.18–2.12) | 1.48 (1.09–1.99) | 1.66 (1.21–2.28) | 0.005 | 0.006 |
| ≥25 | 850 | 1.00 | 0.72 (0.47–1.11) | 0.71 (0.46–1.12) | 0.80 (0.50–1.27) | 0.366 | |
| Hypertension | |||||||
| Yes | 1086 | 1.00 | 1.26 (0.87–1.83) | 1.22 (0.84–1.77) | 1.46 (1.00–2.13) | 0.071 | 0.897 |
| No | 1729 | 1.00 | 1.41 (1.03–1.93) | 1.15 (0.84–1.58) | 1.20 (0.87–1.66) | 0.587 | |
| BIF thickening | |||||||
| Gender | |||||||
| Male | 904 | 1.00 | 0.69 (0.45–1.06) | 1.04 (0.66–1.65) | 1.05 (0.64–1.71) | 0.523 | 0.938 |
| Female | 1907 | 1.00 | 1.05 (0.80–1.37) | 1.06 (0.81–1.39) | 1.36 (1.03–1.81) | 0.042 | |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | |||||||
| <25 | 1965 | 1.00 | 1.21 (0.92–1.58) | 1.00 (0.76–1.31) | 1.37 (1.03–1.82) | 0.114 | 0.548 |
| ≥25 | 850 | 1.00 | 1.12 (0.72–1.74) | 1.24 (0.78–1.97) | 1.38 (0.85–2.24) | 0.172 | |
| Hypertension | |||||||
| Yes | 1086 | 1.00 | 1.28 (0.86–1.92) | 1.10 (0.74–1.63) | 1.33 (0.89–1.99) | 0.280 | 0.463 |
| No | 1729 | 1.00 | 1.21 (0.91–1.60) | 1.07 (0.80–1.42) | 1.47 (1.10–1.97) | 0.032 | |
a Covariates adjusted for: see Model 3 in Table 2, except for menopause status (Y/N) and passive smoking (Y/N) were further adjusted for in female, but exclude adjusted for smoking and alcohol drinking in female; exclude adjusted for antihypertensive medication in the hypertension-stratified analyses; b p-values for trend; c p-values for interaction; d Hypertension was defined as SBP ≥ 140 mmHg or DBP ≥ 90 mmHg or use of an antihypertension drug.