Table 6.

Associations of age, demographic characteristics, and dietary habits with plasma carotenoids and α-tocopherol (µmol/L) ¹.

	(SR) Lycopene			(LN) α-Tocopherol			(LN) α-Carotene			(LN) β-Cryptoxanthin
	B	p	η2	B	p	η2	B	p	η2	B	p	η2
Age group (1–8)	−0.027	<0.001	0.080	0.018	<0.001	0.035	−0.050	<0.001	0.029	0.012	0.102	0.001
Cholesterol (mmol/L)	0.068	<0.001	0.109	0.138	<0.001	0.336	0.118	<0.001	0.036	0.105	<0.001	0.023
BMI (kg/m2)	−0.006	<0.001	0.015	0.002	0.054	0.002	−0.045	<0.001	0.086	−0.024	<0.001	0.021
Gender (male = 1)	0.034	<0.001	0.007	−0.004	0.704	0.000	−0.144	<0.001	0.012	−0.239	<0.001	0.025
Smoking (yes = 1)	−0.015	0.197	0.001	0.016	0.166	0.001	−0.336	<0.001	0.040	−0.325	<0.001	0.030
Vitamin suppl. (n/week)	−0.003	0.078	0.002	0.012	<0.001	0.023	0.008	0.157	0.001	0.001	0.895	0.000
Fruit (n/week)	−0.001	0.405	0.000	0.000	0.717	0.000	0.023	<0.001	0.018	0.067	<0.001	0.107
Vegetables (n/week)	0.002	0.189	0.001	0.001	0.476	0.000	0.041	<0.001	0.034	0.000	0.958	0.000
Juice (n/week)	−0.001	0.338	0.000	0.002	0.015	0.003	−0.001	0.557	0.000	0.006	0.014	0.003
French Fries (n/week)	0.005	0.260	0.001	−0.002	0.601	0.000	−0.015	0.299	0.001	−0.032	0.041	0.002
Meat (n/week)	−0.001	0.723	0.000	0.000	0.927	0.000	−0.006	0.405	0.000	−0.003	0.679	0.000

¹ Multiple linear regression model, adjusted for country and season. (SR) square root transformed; (LN) logarithmic transformed. Regression coefficient B represents the increase/decrease in compound with each unit increase in respective factor/variable.