Table 1.
Characteristics of studies included in this meta-analysis of blood lipids and age-related macular degeneration.
| Source | Ethnicity | Study Design | Sample | Sex (% male) | Mean Age | Blood Lipid Indicators Associated with AMD | Classification Criteria | Diagnosis Method | AMD Subtype | Study Quality * | Adjustment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cho et al., 2014 [16] | Asian | Cross-sectional | 7899 | 43.3 | 59.0 | TC, HDL, LDL, TG | ICGS | Fundus photography | Early and late AMD | High | Age |
| Park et al., 2014 [8] | Asian | Cross-sectional | 14352 | 48.3 | 58.2 | TC, HDL, LDL, TG | ICGS | Fundus photography | Early and late AMD | High | Age, gender, and smoking status |
| Erke et al., 2014 [17] | European | Cross-sectional | 2631 | 42.5 | 72.8 | TC, HDL, LDL, TG | ICGS | Fundus photography | Early AMD | High | Age, gender, smoking, and systolic blood pressure |
| Gre’goire et al., 2014 [18] | European | Cross-sectional | 963 | 38.1 | 80.2 | TC, HDL, LDL, TG | ICGS | Fundus photography | Early and late AMD | High | Age, gender, educational level, smoking, BMI, hypertension, hypolipidemic drug, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, ApoE2, ApoE4, CFH Y402H, ARMS2 A69S, LIPC(rs10468017), LIPC(rs493258) LPL, ABCA1 and CETP polymorphisms |
| Jonasson et al., 2014 [19] | European | Cohort | 2868 | 42.4 | 74.7 | TC, HDL | WARMGS | Fundus photography | Early and late AMD | High | Age and gender |
| Klein et al., 2014 [20] | American/European/Australian | Cohort | 6953 | 43.5 | 63.4 | TC, HDL | WARMGS | Fundus photography | Early and late AMD | High | Age, sex, body mass index, history of smoking status, diabetes status, hypertension status, and statin use |
| Cheung et al., 2014 [21] | Asian | Cross-sectional | 9799 | NR | 54.0 | TC, HDL, LDL | WARMGS | Fundus photography | Early and late AMD | High | Age, gender, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes, current smoker, alcohol consumption, chronic kidney disease, and race |
| Cheung et al., 2012 [22] | Asian | Cross-sectional | 3172 | 49.2 | 53.7 | TC, HDL, LDL | WARMGS | Fundus photography | Total AMD | High | Age and race |
| Butt et al., 2011 [23] | American | Cross-sectional | 1019 | 39.9 | 62.4 | TC, HDL | WARMGS | Fundus photography | Total AMD | High | Age, gender, and smoking |
| Colak et al., 2011 [9] | European | Cross-sectional | 163 | NR | 66.6 | TC, LDL | AREDS | Fundus photography | Total AMD | Low | NR |
| Ngai et al., 2011 [24] | European | Cohort | 949 | 100.0 | 71.1 | TC, HDL, LDL, TG | WARMGS | Fundus photography | Total AMD | High | Age, systolic BP, CRP, BMI, and blood glucose |
| Klein et al., 2010 [25] | American | Cross-sectional | 2810 | 45.7 | 49.0 | TC, HDL | WARMGS | Fundus photography | Early AMD | High | Age, gender, and familial correlations |
| Roh et al., 2008 [26] | Asian | Cross-sectional | 9530 | 56.9 | 52.9 | TC, HDL, LDL, TG | WARMGS | Fundus photography | Total AMD | High | Age and hepatitis B infection |
| Kawasaki et al., 2008 [27] | Asian | Cross-sectional | 1625 | 44.1 | 60.4 | TC, HDL | WARMGS | Fundus photography | Early and late AMD | High | Age and gender |
| Cackett et al., 2008 [28] | Asian | Cross-sectional | 3280 | 48.0 | 58.7 | TC, HDL, LDL, TG | WARMGS | Fundus photography | Early and late AMD | High | Age |
| Tan et al., 2007 [29] | Australian | Cohort | 2454 | 42.4 | 70.6 | TC, HDL, LDL, TG | WARMGS | Fundus photography | Early and late AMD | High | Age, gender, smoking, white cell count, family history of AMD, and very fair skin color |
| Leeuwen et al., 2004 [30] | European | Cohort | 5836 | NR | 69.6 | TC, HDL | WARMGS | Fundus photography | Total AMD | Low | Age, gender, time of follow-up, BMI, smoking, atherosclerosis, alcohol intake, and apolipoprotein E genotype |
| Klein et al., 2003 [10] | American | Cross-sectional | 2361 | 39.5 | 78.5 | TC, HDL, LDL, TG | WARMGS | Fundus photography | Early AMD | High | Age, gender, and race |
| Delcourt et al., 2001 [31] | European | Cross-sectional | 2584 | 43.7 | 70.1 | TC, HDL, TG | ICGS | Fundus photography | Early and late AMD | High | Age, gender, smoking, educational level, and plasma α-tocopherol. |
| Smith et al., 2001 [32] | American/European/Australian | Cross-sectional | 14752 | 42.6 | 66.0 | TC, HDL | WARMGS | Fundus photography | Late AMD | High | Age |
| Klein et al., 1999 [33] | American | Cross-sectional | 8270 | 48.1 | 56.3 | TC, HDL, TG | WARMGS | Fundus photography | Early AMD | High | Age |
AMD, age-related macular degeneration; AREDS, Age-Related Eye Disease Study; BMI, body mass index; CNV, choroidal neovascularization; GA, geographic atrophy; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; ICGS, International Classification and Grading System; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; NR, not reported; TC, total cholesterol; TGs, triglycerides; WARMGS, Wisconsin Age-Related Maculopathy Grading System; * The study quality was judged based on the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.