Table 3.
Factors Associated with Earlier Time to Virologic Failure (N=3,921).1
| Characteristic | HR (95%CI) | aHR (95%CI)2 |
|---|---|---|
| Age (per 5 yrs) | 0.93 (0.91, 0.96) | 0.92 (0.89, 0.95) |
| Sex at birth | ||
| Male | ref | ref |
| Female | 1.52 (1.33, 1.75) | 1.32 (1.12, 1.56) |
| Race/Ethnicity | ||
| Non-Hispanic black | 2.18 (1.77, 2.69) | 1.75 (1.40, 2.19) |
| Non-Hispanic white | ref | ref |
| Hispanic | 1.42 (0.95, 2.12) | 1.26 (0.83, 1.89) |
| Other | 1.34 (0.74, 2.44) | 1.21 (0.66, 2.21) |
| Unknown | 1.54 (1.03, 2.31) | 1.69 (1.12, 2.55) |
| Housing status | ||
| Permanent/stable | ref | ref |
| Temporary/unstable | 1.53 (1.18, 1.99) | 1.19 (0.91, 1.57) |
| Homeless | 1.76 (1.10, 2.81) | 1.58 (0.97, 2.56) |
| Other/Unknown | 0.71 (0.62, 0.81) | 0.87 (0.71, 1.07) |
| Insurance status | ||
| Public | 1.91 (1.59, 2.29) | 1.31 (1.07, 1.60) |
| Private | ref | ref |
| Other | 0.96 (0.79, 1.16) | 0.85 (0.65, 1.10) |
| Unknown | 1.24 (0.61, 2.52) | 0.84 (0.41, 1.74) |
| Mode of transmission | ||
| MSM | ref | ref |
| High risk heterosexual | 1.31 (1.12, 1.52) | 1.07 (0.88, 1.29) |
| IDU | 1.36 (1.09, 1.70) | 1.17 (0.90, 1.53) |
| MSM/IDU | 0.75 (0.40, 1.40) | 0.64 (0.34, 1.21) |
| Perinatal | 2.55 (1.87, 3.47) | 1.65 (1.11, 2.44) |
| Other | 1.16 (0.72, 1.87) | 1.10 (0.68, 1.77) |
| Unknown | 1.16 (0.97, 1.40) | 1.07 (0.87, 1.30) |
| Years HIV positive (per 5 years) | 1.06 (1.02, 1.11) | 1.12 (1.07, 1.17) |
| CD4 at viral suppression (per 100 cells/μL) | 0.90 (0.88, 0.92) | 0.89 (0.87, 0.91) |
| Alcohol abuse | ||
| No | ref | ref |
| Yes | 1.36 (1.12, 1.66) | 1.17 (0.93, 1.46) |
| Unknown | 1.30 (1.13, 1.49) | 1.25 (1.03, 1.51) |
| History of substance abuse | ||
| No | ref | ref |
| Yes | 1.36 (1.15, 1.60) | 1.11 (0.93, 1.33) |
| Unknown | 1.01 (0.87, 1.18) | 0.88 (0.73, 1.07) |
| Hepatitis C status | ||
| Negative | ref | ref |
| Positive | 1.11 (0.90, 1.37) | 0.82 (0.64, 1.04) |
| Hepatitis B status | ||
| Negative | ref | ref |
| Positive | 1.04 (0.69, 1.55) | 0.92 (0.61, 1.39) |
| Mental Health/Depression | ||
| No | ref | ref |
| Yes | 1.47 (1.28, 1.70) | 1.24 (1.06, 1.45) |
1
Includes participants who were suppressed at study enrollment or achieved suppression during observation; excludes participants with unknown CD4 cell count or years HIV-diagnosed. Clinic type (hospital vs. CBO) was adjusted for as a random effect in the model.
2
Adjusted for all other variables in the model. Significant hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals are bolded.