. 2016 Oct 28;16:328. doi: 10.1186/s12884-016-1123-5

Table 5.

Perinatal outcomes for women who have FGM recorded and have an obstetric record at study hospital between 2006 and 2012

	FGM status			FGM status
	Type III	Type I/II	No	Type III	Type I/II	No
	n	n	n	Rate per 100 births (95 % CI)	Rate per 100 births (95 % CI)	Rate per 100 births (95 % CI)	P-value
Outcome
Caesarean section^a
Yes	16	36	1706	26.5 (16.6, 42.4)	32.9 (24.5, 44.0)	20.4 (19.5, 21.4)	0.0041
No	49	95	7145
Instrumental births^a
Yes	1	8	574	1.6 (0.2, 11.2)	6.2 (2.9, 13.1)	6.5 (6.0, 7.1)	0.36
No	64	123	8277
Episiotomy (excluding anterior episiotomy)
Yes	7	17	946	10.5 (5.0, 21.8)	12.7 (7.5, 21.5)	10.9 (10.2, 11.5)	0.84
No	58	114	7906
3^rd and 4^th degree perineal tear^b
Yes	0	0	85	0.0	0.0	1.0	^b
No	65	131	8767
Genital tract trauma
Yes	4	2	99	6.0 (2.4, 14.8)	1.4 (0.4, 5.6)	1.1 (0.9, 1.4)	0.0015
No	61	129	8753
Postpartum blood loss > 500 ml
Yes	1	7	615	1.6 (0.2, 11.6)	5.6 (2.7, 11.4)	7.0 (6.5, 7.6)	0.29
No	64	124	8237
Low birth weight (<2500 g)^a
Yes	2	4	259	3.5 (0.9, 13.8)	3.1 (1.2, 8.1)	3.0 (2.6, 3.4)	0.97
No	63	127	8590
Admission to special care nursery
Yes	6	16	616	9.0 (3.9, 20.7)	12.0 (7.5, 19.2)	7.0 (6.5, 7.6)	0.07
No	59	115	8236
Stillbirth^c
Yes	1	1	39	1.5 (0.2, 10.9)	0.8 (0.1, 5.3)	0.4 (0.3, 0.6)	0.41
No	64	130	8812

^aOne woman’s record had missing mode of birth and three records had missing birth weight

^bStatistical model could not be fitted due to small numbers

^cOne woman’s record had missing stillbirth indicator