Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study population by the two metabolic syndrome definitions
| Metabolic IDF definition | P value | Metabolic NCEP definition | P value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No (n = 13,291) | Yes (n = 2122) | No (n = 7967) | Yes (n = 7446) | |||
| Age (years)a | 60 ± 7 | 59 ± 7 | <0.001 | 60 ± 7 | 60 ± 7 | 0.29 |
| Male gender | 10,910 (82%) | 1540 (73%) | <0.001 | 6600 (83%) | 5850 (78%) | <0.001 |
| Active smoker | 1485 (11%) | 276 (13%) | <0.001 | 832 (47%) | 929 (53%) | <0.001 |
| HTN | 4197 (32%) | 948 (45%) | <0.001 | 2197 (27%) | 2948 (40%) | <0.001 |
| DM | 2355 (18%) | 604 (29%) | <0.001 | 784 (10%) | 2175 (30%) | <0.001 |
| COPD | 382 (3%) | 70 (3%) | 0.27 | 238 (3%) | 214 (3%) | 0.85 |
| Past MI | 9611 (72%) | 1519 (72%) | 0.91 | 5754 (72%) | 5376 (72%) | 0.92 |
| Past CVA | 236 (1.8%) | 33 (1.6%) | 0.47 | 131 (1.6%) | 138 (1.9%) | 0.26 |
| NYHA class >2 | 753 (5%) | 185 (9%) | <0.001 | 409 (5%) | 491 (6.8%) | <0.001 |
| Laboratory values (mg/dL) | ||||||
| Creata | 1.15 ± 0.2 | 1.11 ± 0.2 | <0.001 | 1.15 ± 0.2 | 1.14 ± 0.2 | 0.02 |
| CHOa | 224 ± 39 | 228 ± 42 | <0.001 | 212 ± 37 | 228 ± 41 | <0.001 |
| LDLa | 155 ± 34 | 155 ± 37 | 0.73 | 154 ± 33 | 156 ± 36 | <0.001 |
| Medication | ||||||
| Bezafibrate | 1369 (10%) | 193 (9%) | 0.10 | 784 (10%) | 778 (10%) | 0.22 |
| Placebo | 1347 (10%) | 210 (10%) | 0.68 | 760 (9.5%) | 797 (11%) | 0.02 |
| Beta-blockers | 4527 (34%) | 873 (41%) | <0.001 | 2484 (31%) | 2916 (39%) | <0.001 |
| Nitrates | 6568 (49%) | 1150 (54%) | <0.001 | 3856 (48%) | 3861 (51%) | <0.01 |
| CCB | 6555 (49%) | 1160 (54%) | <0.001 | 3904 (49%) | 3810 (51%) | <0.01 |
| Diuretics | 1926 (14%) | 449 (21%) | <0.001 | 1018 (13%) | 1356 (18%) | <0.001 |
| Anti-platelets agents | 7934 (59%) | 1136 (53%) | <0.001 | 4867 (61%) | 4203 (56%) | <0.001 |
| Components of the metabolic syndrome | ||||||
| FPG >100 mg/dL | 5805 (44%) | 1412 (67%) | <0.001 | 1873 (23%) | 5347 (72%) | <0.001 |
| Low HDLb | 9155 (73%) | 1858 (90%) | <0.001 | 4065 (56%) | 6948 (94%) | <0.001 |
| TG >150 mg/dL | 5226 (40%) | 1297 (61%) | <0.001 | 1198 (15%) | 5325 (72%) | <0.001 |
| BMI >30 kg/m2 | 340 (2.6%) | 2122 (100%) | <0.001 | 340 (4%) | 2122 (28%) | <0.001 |
| Elevated BPc | 8978 (68%) | 1761 (83%) | <0.001 | 4329 (54%) | 6410 (86%) | <0.001 |
BMI body mass index; BP blood pressure; CHO total cholesterol; COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Creat creatinine; CVA cerebral vascular accident; DM diabetes mellitus; FPG fasting plasma glucose; HDL high-density lipoprotein; HTN hypertension; IDF International Diabetes Federation; LDL low density lipoprotein; MI myocardial infarction; NCEP National Cholesterol Educational Program; NYHA New York Heart Association; TG triglycerides
aContinuous variables are reported as mean ± standard deviation if normally distributed; otherwise, as median with 25th–75th range. Categorical variables are reported as numbers (%)
bLow HDL defined as HDL <40 mg/dL in males and HDL <50 mg/dL in females
cSystolic blood-pressure >130 mmHg or/and diastolic blood-pressure >85 mmHg