Table 3.
Serum biochemical changes in male rats treated with Cu NPs and Cu MPs following 28 days-repeated oral dose
| Items | Cu NPs (mg/kg/day) | |||
| 0 | 100 | 200 | 400 | |
| No. of rats | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 |
| AST (IU/L) | 115.6 ± 19.32a | 125.2 ± 15.04 | 258.4 ± 21.52** | 626.6 ± 60.04** |
| ALT (IU/L) | 23.7 ± 2.80 | 33.3 ± 12.95 | 88.4 ± 20.65** | 115.8 ± 19.12** |
| ALP (IU/L) | 129.8 ± 12.45 | 132.0 ± 16.08 | 156.4 ± 22.06* | 175.7 ± 38.23** |
| BUN (mg/dL) | 19.4 ± 2.02 | 20.2 ± 3.24 | 22.4 ± 1.39 | 40.6 ± 6.72** |
| CRE (mg/dL) | 0.23 ± 0.052 | 0.24 ± 0.041 | 0.26 ± 0.058 | 0.38 ± 0.068** |
| CPK (IU/L) | 519.0 ± 124.43 | 504.2 ± 99.57 | 480.5 ± 94.72 | 335.2 ± 94.70** |
| TBIL (mg/dL) | 0.25 ± 0.071 | 0.24 ± 0.055 | 0.34 ± 0.036 | 1.07 ± 0.318** |
| TCHO (mg/dL) | 77.6 ± 8.82 | 79.7 ± 8.94 | 78.7 ± 2.52 | 68.6 ± 14.36 |
| TG (mg/dL) | 142.0 ± 25.52 | 133.4 ± 38.73 | 102.3 ± 29.10* | 87.3 ± 28.43** |
| TP (g/dL) | 6.2 ± 0.21 | 6.1 ± 0.31 | 5.4 ± 0.25** | 5.4 ± 0.36** |
| ALB (g/dL) | 4.2 ± 0.36 | 4.0 ± 0.12 | 4.0 ± 0.23 | 4.0 ± 0.17 |
| LDH (IU/L) | 227.7 ± 79.76 | 268.4 ± 55.99 | 321.1 ± 57.63* | 462.3 ± 106.3** |
| Na (mEq/L) | 141.8 ± 0.75 | 140.2 ± 1.35 | 140.3 ± 1.21 | 137.8 ± 2.95** |
| Cl (mEq/L) | 97.6 ± 2.34 | 96.0 ± 1.17 | 95.8 ± 1.53* | 93.4 ± 1.14** |
| K (mEq/L) | 4.5 ± 0.49 | 4.8 ± 0.28 | 5.1 ± 0.26 | 6.0 ± 1.04** |
| Items | Cu MPs (mg/kg/day) | |||
| 0 | 100 | 200 | 400 | |
| No. of rats | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 |
| AST (IU/L) | 113.7 ± 13.25 | 135.4 ± 29.86 | 138.6 ± 22.51 | 138.3 ± 21.89 |
| ALT (IU/L) | 24.9 ± 7.91 | 27.3 ± 10.83 | 24.7 ± 4.28 | 24.8 ± 5.69 |
| ALP (IU/L) | 124.7 ± 14.40 | 147.2 ± 20.99* | 120.4 ± 18.95 | 122.8 ± 11.17 |
| BUN (mg/dL) | 17.3 ± 2.94 | 21.5 ± 4.85 | 21.5 ± 4.72 | 19.4 ± 3.67 |
| CRE (mg/dL) | 0.23 ± 0.045 | 0.26 ± 0.062 | 0.27 ± 0.058 | 0.24 ± 0.056 |
| CPK (IU/L) | 534.5 ± 106.82 | 522.7 ± 141.61 | 559.9 ± 80.12 | 516.9 ± 121.53 |
| TBIL (mg/dL) | 0.23 ± 0.045 | 0.24 ± 0.062 | 0.26 ± 0.058 | 0.25 ± 0.056 |
| TCHO (mg/dL) | 80.4 ± 6.41 | 77.7 ± 10.74 | 89.9 ± 15.03 | 77.7 ± 4.37 |
| TG (mg/dL) | 132.3 ± 20.45 | 139.9 ± 20.17 | 149.4 ± 24.16 | 137.6 ± 20.76 |
| TP (g/dL) | 6.4 ± 0.31 | 6.3 ± 0.47 | 6.1 ± 0.50 | 6.2 ± 0.16 |
| ALB (g/dL) | 4.2 ± 0.17 | 4.2 ± 0.27 | 4.3 ± 0.22 | 4.2 ± 0.22 |
| LDH (IU/L) | 256.8 ± 73.56 | 236.9 ± 61.90 | 298.9 ± 94.33 | 356.5 ± 98.59* |
| Na (mEq/L) | 140.3 ± 1.16 | 141.1 ± 1.97 | 143.2 ± 1.14 | 141.6 ± 1.65 |
| Cl (mEq/L) | 97.3 ± 1.42 | 98.9 ± 1.52 | 97.6 ± 1.65 | 99.0 ± 1.67 |
| K (mEq/L) | 4.6 ± 0.32 | 5.1 ± 0.67 | 4.5 ± 0.36 | 4.6 ± 0.44 |
Note. AST aspartate aminotransferase, ALT alanine aminotransferase, ALP alkaline phosphatase, BUN blood urea nitrogen, CRE creatinine, CPK creatine phosphokinase, TBIL total bilirubin, TCHO total cholesterol, TG triglyceride, TP total protein, ALB albumin, LDH lactate dehydrogenase, Na sodium, Clchloride, K potassium
aValues are presented as mean ± SD
*, ** P < 0.05, P < 0.01 versus vehicle control group