Table 3.
Breathing movements (Δ Differences between injured vs. non-injured side) and range of motion
| Stabilizing surgery | Conservatively treated | p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Breathing movements | Δ Upper thorax during rest, mm | 0.15 (1.27) | 0.10 (0.42) | 0.856 |
| Δ Lower thorax during rest, mm | 0.13 (1.02) | −0.02 (0.36) | 0.451 | |
| Δ Abdominally during rest, mm | −0.61 (1.90) | −0.01 (0.77) | 0.136 | |
| Δ Upper thorax during maximal breathing movements, mm | −0.39 (4.69) | −0.11 (1.91) | 0.606 | |
| Δ Lower thorax during maximal breathing movements, mm | 4.98 (4.67) | −1.19 (2.04) | 0.002 | |
| Δ Abdominally during maximal breathing movements, mm | −0.41 (4.67) | −0.46 (2.58) | 0.398 | |
| Thorax excursion | Upper level, cm | 5.2 (2.1) | 3.7 (1.8) | 0.005 |
| Lower level, cm | 4.3 (1.92) | 4.3 (2.3) | 0.944 | |
| Range of motion in the thorax | Thoracic flexion, cm | 4.0 (1.8) | 2.4 (0.8) | <0.001 |
| Thoracic extension, cm | 2.5 (1.1) | 1.3 (0.5) | <0.001 | |
| Lateral flexion towards the injured side, cm | 15.9 (5.0) | 14.8 (5.6) | 0.494 | |
| Lateral flexion away from the injured side, cm | 15.4 (5.1) | 14.8 (5.8) | 0.743 | |
| Range of motion in the shoulder | Flexion injured side, ° | 154 (31) | 158 (37) | 0.747 |
| Flexion non-injured side, ° | 154 (38) | 163 (27) | 0.341 | |
| Abduction, injured side, ° | 159 (27) | 161 (34) | 0.846 | |
| Abduction, non-injured side, ° | 156 (37) | 165 (30) | 0.373 |
Mean ± SD