Table 2.
Incidence rate per 1000 person years, unadjusted and adjusted hazard ratios of association between patient and clinical factors with virological failure
| Variable | Total No. = 383 | Plasma Viral load (>5, 000 copies/uL) No. = 28 | Incidence rate per 1000 person-years | uHR (95 % CI) | P-value | aHR (95 % CI) Adjusted for all variables with P < 5 % at unadjusted level & WHO clinical stage | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age in years | |||||||
| Below 30 | 169 (44.1) | 12 | 57.2 (32.5-100.7) | 1 | |||
| Above 30 | 214 (55.9) | 16 | 58.7 (35.9-95.7) | 0.98 (0.46-2.08) | 0.947 | ||
| Residence | |||||||
| Rural | 294 (76.8) | 25 | 67.3 (45.5-99.7) | 1 | |||
| Urban | 89 (23.2) | 3 | 26.9 (8.7-83.5) | 0.40 (0.12-1.33) | 0.134 | ||
| Marital status | |||||||
| Single | 54 (14.1) | 6 | 103.2 (46.4-229.8) | 1 | |||
| Married | 234 (61.1) | 15 | 50.6 (30.5-83.8) | 0.36 (0.14-0.95) | 0.05 | ||
| Separated | 71 (18.5) | 6 | 62.8 (28.2-139.8) | 0.43 (0.13-1.35) | 0.148 | ||
| One partner is dead | 24 (6.3) | 1 | 31.0 (4.4-219.8) | 0.20 (0.02-1.67) | 0.136 | ||
| Occupation | |||||||
| Formal employment | 79 (20.6) | 7 | 72.1 (34.4-151.3) | 1 | |||
| Self-employment | 167 (43.6) | 11 | 52.0 (28.8-93.9) | 0.64 (0.25-1.67) | 0.362 | ||
| Not employed | 137 (35.8) | 10 | 57.4 (30.9-106.8) | 0.73 (0.28-1.91) | 0.519 | ||
| Educational level | |||||||
| None | 41 (10.7) | 4 | 76.1 (28.6-202.8) | 1 | |||
| Primary | 95 (24.8) | 4 | 32.3 (12.1-86.0) | 0.40 (0.10-1.61) | 0.199 | ||
| Secondary | 154 (40.2) | 12 | 63.1 (35.9-111.2) | 0.86 (0.28-2.67) | 0.795 | ||
| Tertiary | 93 (24.3) | 8 | 68.9 (34.5-137.8) | 0.96 (0.29-3.19) | 0.946 | ||
| Religion | |||||||
| Catholic | 203 (53.0) | 14 | 53.9 (31.9-91.0) | 1 | |||
| Moslem | 46 (12.0) | 2 | 38.4 (9.6-153.4) | 0.78 (0.18-3.46) | 0.749 | ||
| Anglican | 134 (35.0) | 12 | 70.3 (39.9-123.7) | 1.28 (0.59-2.77) | 0.529 | ||
| Tribe | |||||||
| Lugbara | 290 (75.7) | 17 | 47.3 (29.4-76.1) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Ma’ di | 14 (3.7) | 1 | 57.7 (8.1-409.8) | 1.20 (0.16-9.04) | 0.860 | ||
| Luo | 79 (20.6) | 10 | 94.2 (50.7-175.2) | 1.82 (0.83-3.94) | 0.134 | ||
| Sex | |||||||
| Male | 145 (37.9) | 14 (9.7) | 82.0 (48.2-138.4) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Female | 238 (62.1) | 14 (5.9) | 44.9 (26.6-75.8) | 0.45 (0.21-0.95) | 0.035 | 0.45 (0.19-1.03) | 0.059 |
| Baseline WHO staging | 1 | 1 | |||||
| I/II | 359 (93.7) | 21 (5.8) | 59.6 (40.9-86.9) | 0.60 (0.08-4.40) | 0.612 | 0.60 (0.08-4.80) | 0.632 |
| III/IV | 24 (6.3) | 7 (29.2) | 33.9 (4.8-240.4) | ||||
| Baseline weight/Kgs | |||||||
| Less or equals 56 Kgs | 194 (50.7) | 20 (10.3) | 82.0 (52.9-127.1) | 1 | 1 | ||
| More than 56 Kgs | 189 (49.4) | 8 (4.2) | 33.5 (16.8-67.0) | 0.39 (0.17-0.89) | 0.025 | 1.14 (0.31-4.14) | 0.845 |
| 1-kg increase | 0.92 (0.86-0.98) | 0.008 | 0.86 (0.76-0.96) | 0.008 | |||
| Baseline CD4 cells/uL | |||||||
| Less or equals 250 cells/uL | 192 (50.1) | 21 (10.9) | 92.3 (60.2-141.6) | 1 | 1 | ||
| More than 250 cells/uL | 191 (49.9) | 7 (3.7) | 27.4 (13.1-57.6) | 0.26 (0.11-0.61) | 0.002 | 0.32 (0.08-1.20) | 0.091 |
| 1-CD4 cell increase | 0.99 (0.99-0.10) | 0.005 | 1.01 (1.00-1.01) | 0.133 | |||
| Recent CD4 cells/uL | |||||||
| Less or equals 362 cells/uL | 194 (50.7) | 21 (10.8) | 84.9 (55.3-130.1) | 1 | 1 | ||
| More than 362 cells/uL | 189 (49.3) | 7 (3.7) | 29.8 (14.2-62.4) | 0.36 (0.15-0.85) | 0.021 | 5.02 (1.11-22.72) | 0.056 |
| 1-CD4 cell increase/uL | 0.99 (0.99-1.00) | <0.001 | 0.99 (0.98-0.99) | <0.001 | |||
| HIV sero-status disclosure | |||||||
| No | 68 (17.8) | 14 (20.6) | 177.9 (105.4-300.4) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Yes | 315 (82.3) | 14 (44.4) | 34.7 (20.5-58.5) | 0.18 (0.08-0.37) | <0.001 | 0.15 (0.06-0.33) | <0.001 |
Note
-Percentages calculated as row percentages (n/N)
-Level of significance was 5 %
-Bolded P-values are significant at 5 %
-uHR Unadjusted Hazard Ratio, aHR Adjusted Hazard Ratio, CI Confidence interval, WHO World Health Organization, CD4 Cluster of Cell Differentiation-4