Table 3.
Comparative analysis of pediatric DED between younger (1st to 3rd) and older (4th to 6th) grade
| Younger grade | Older grade | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subjects (N) | 452 | 464 | |
| Region of Urban (%) | 69.0 | 68.5 | 0.92a |
| Dry Eye Disease (%) | 4 | 9.1 | 0.03a |
| Visual Acuity (LogMAR) | 0.28 ± 0.42 | 0.41 ± 0.48 | <0.001b |
| SE (diopter) | −1.77 ± 2.12 | −2.39 ± 2.11 | <0.001b |
| Use of Glass (%) | 31 | 48.3 | <0.001a |
| Related with DED Risk Factors | |||
| Use of Smartphones (%) | 50.9 | 65.1 | <0.001a |
| Smartphone use/day (hours) | 0.57 ± 0.76 | 1.00 ± 1.06 | <0.001b |
| Computer use/day (hours) | 0.74 ± 0.37 | 0.83 ± 0.35 | <0.01b |
| TV use/day (hours) | 1.03 ± 0.52 | 1.13 ± 0.55 | 0.06b |
| Learning/day (hours) | 2.08 ± 0.95 | 2.63 ± 1.00 | <0.001b |
| Related with DED Protective Factors | |||
| Sleep/day (hours) | 7.93 ± 0.83 | 7.81 ± 0.87 | 0.11b |
| Outdoor activity/day (hours) | 2.49 ± 1.07 | 1.94 ± 1.07 | <0.001b |
DED dry eye disease, SE spherical equivalent, logMAR logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution, TV television
aBy Pearson’s Chi-square test, bBy independent t test