Table 3.

Univariate analysis between patients with TBI and control patients at the PER-operative phase regarding conventional echocardiography

Variables	TBI cohort n = 20 patients	PER-operative control n = 20 patients
Global systolic function
LVEF (%) (Simpson biplan method)	61 [56–76]	62 [52–70]
Fractional shortening ratio (%)	37 [22–54]	38 [26–52]
LVEF (%) (Teicholz method)	65 [50–85]	69 [51–83]
Stroke volume (mL)	67 [41–103]	61 [46–71]
Cardiac output (L/min)	4.4 [2.7–7.3]	4.7 [2.6–6.5]
Peak Sm (cm/s)	13 [8–20]	12 [7–17]
Global diastolic function
Peak E velocity (cm/s)	69 [44–100]	77 [56–106]
Peak A velocity (cm/s)	59 [29–90]	54 [30–109]
Peak E/A ratio	1.08 [0.67–2.44]	1.38 [0.84–2.40]
Peak Em (cm/s)	13 [6–24]	15 [9–24]
Isovolumic relaxation time (msec)	125 [84–178]	107 [83–141]*
E/Em ratio	4.8 [2.4–8.1]	5.3 [2.8–8.8]
Systemic vascular resistance index (dyn/s/cm5/m2)	2518 [1832–3955]	2341 [1030–3155]
Morphological parameters
Left Atrial diameter (mm)	29 [19–36]	30 [23–36]
Left Ventricular end-diastolic volume (mL)	102 [66–156]	101 [82–132]
Left Ventricular end-systolic volume (mL)	37 [22–67]	39 [27–61]
Right ventricular diameter and function
Right Ventricular end-diastolic diameter (mm)	22 [14–29]	23 [21–26]
Peak S’m (cm/s)	14 [8–19]	14 [11–18]
Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion (mm)	23 [18–39]	24 [17–29]
Pulmonary acceleration time (msec)	152 [89–188]	138 [94–183]

Values are presented as median [extreme]. TBI traumatic brain injury, mL milliliter, L/min liter per minute, L/min/m ² liter per minute per square meter, cm/s centimeter per second, msec millisecond, dyn/s/cm5/m ² dynes per second per centimeter per square meter, mm millimeter. * p < 0.05