Table 4.

Univariate analysis between TBI patients and control group at the PER-operative phase regarding Speckle Tracking Echocardiography

Variables	TBI cohort n = 20 patients	PER operative control n = 20 patients
Systolic function
Global Longitudinal Strain	18 [10.3–23.6]	15.8 [12.4–22.5]
Circumferential Strain peak (%)
basal level	17.2 [9.4–22.1]	16.4 [11.3–27.9]
apical level	26.9 [23.8–32.5]	23.2 [20.1–35.5]*
Radial Strain peak (%)
basal level	14.8 [6–33.3]	13.1 [4.3–24.3]
apical level	16.3 [4.3–30.1]	13.9 [4.9–29.4]
Systolic longitudinal strain rate (%/s)	1.13 [0.73–1.52]	0.98 [0.73–1.33]
Rotation (deg)
basal level	6.3 [2.4–10.8]	5 [1.5–10]*
apical level	7.29 [2.6–15]	8.89 [4.9–13.7]
Peak twist (deg)	12.6 [7.5–20.2]	12.8 [5.1–18.3]
Systolic rotational velocity (deg/s)
basal level	66.3 [43.6–135.6]	64.7 [24.1–83.9]
apical level	62.2 [28.4–126.4]	73.8 [25.1–123.3]
Twisting velocity (deg/s)	77.2 [48.9–156.4]	76.6 [31.4–115]
Diastolic function
Diastolic longitudinal strain rate (%/s)	1.33 [0.59–2]	1.56 [1.11–2.47]
Diastolic rotational velocity (deg/s)
basal level	48.8 [22.3–97.5]	53.5 [18.5–156.5]
apical level	65.6 [31.6–109.6]	83.4 [35.6–112]
Untwisting velocity (deg/s)	91.6 [50.8–179.3]	100.4 [50.9–148.2]
Ratio: Untwisting velocity/Peak twist	7.73 [4–11.9]	7.92 [3.4–12.4]

Values are presented as median [extreme]. TBI trauma brain injury, Deg degree, Deg/s degree per second, %/s percentage per second. *p < 0.05