Fig. 5.

Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) infusion suppresses serum Th1/Th17 cytokines and chemokines and inhibits intrahepatic inflammatory cell infiltration. a Serum protein levels of Th1 cytokines (TNFα, IFNγ, and IL2), Th2 cytokines (IL4, IL6, and IL10), Th17 cytokine (IL17), and other pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL1β and MPO) were measured by immunoassay method (N = 4–6 for each group). b Serum protein levels of CXCL1, CXCL2, CCL2, CCL4, CCL7, and CXCL10 were detected by immunoassay method (N = 4–6 for each group). c Intrahepatic neutrophil and T-cell infiltration was detected by MPO and CD3 immunohistochemistry staining. Representative images from one experiment are shown at 400× magnification. d MPO- and e CD3-positive cells were counted for statistical analysis (N = 3 for each group). a, b, d, e Results are presented as mean ± SEM for each group. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. CCL C-C motif ligand, CXCL C-X-C motif ligand, IFN interferon, IL interleukin, MPO myeloperoxidase, NHB non-heart-beating, TNF tumour necrosis factor