Table 1.
Distribution of Baseline Patient Characteristics Among Adolescents With MDR-TB in Lima, Peru (n = 90).
| Covariate | n | Total Adolescents, n (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||
| Female | 90 | 37 (41.1) |
| Enrolled in northern Limaa | 90 | 41 (45.6) |
| Enrolled prior to March 1, 2001b | 90 | 18 (20.0) |
| Treatment | ||
| Months on an aggressive treatment regimen (median, Q1-Q3) | 90 | 18.9 (11.7-25.0) |
| Received ≤2 previous regimens without prior standardized regimen for MDR-TB | 90 | 46 (51.1) |
| Severity indicators | ||
| Bilateral, cavitary findings | 86 | 38 (44.2) |
| Poor nutritionc | 78 | 23 (29.5) |
| Low hematocritd | 72 | 41 (56.9) |
| Tachycardia | 90 | 30 (33.3) |
| Respiratory difficultye | 87 | 56 (64.4) |
| Extrapulmonary TB | 90 | 3 (3.3) |
| Lab-confirmed XDR-TBf | 87 | 3 (3.5) |
| Number of resistant agentsg (mean, SD) | 90 | 5.0 (1.6) |
| Comorbidities | ||
| HIV infection | 88 | 1 (1.1) |
| At least 1 comorbidityh | 83 | 18 (21.7) |
| Cardiovascular disease | 77 | 1 (1.3) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 77 | 0 (0) |
| Hepatitis or cirrhosis | 77 | 1 (1.3) |
| Epilepsy/seizures | 77 | 1 (1.3) |
| Renal insufficiency | 77 | 0 (0) |
| Psychiatric disorder | 79 | 14 (17.7) |
| Ever smoked | 80 | 4 (5.0) |
| Ever used/abused substance | 79 | 2 (2.5) |
Abbreviations: MDR-TB, multidrug-resistant tuberculosis; XDR-TB, extensively drug-resistant TB; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; BMI, body mass index; CDC, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Patients from Northern Lima received treatment support that was programmatically different than patients from other areas.
Patients enrolled prior to March 1, 2001, were more likely to have received the standard category II retreatment regimen after failure of category I than patients enrolled after this date, when national policy changed.
Low BMI-for-age per CDC definitions9 or a clinical assessment of malnutrition documented in the medical record.
Age-adjusted low hematocrit definitions from Hollowell et al.13
Dyspnea or resting respiratory rate >26 breaths/min.
Isolate resistant to at least isoniazid, rifampin, fluoroquinolone, and injectable (kanamycin, capreomycin, or amikacin).
Resistance to the following 12 drugs or drug classes was tested: capreomycin, cycloserine, ethambutol, ethionamide, isoniazid, kanamycin or amikacin, para-aminosalicylic acid, pyrazinamide, rifampicin, streptomycin, first-generation fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin), and later-generation fluoroquinolones (gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin).
At least 1 of the following: cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, hepatitis or cirrhosis, epilepsy/seizures, renal insufficiency, psychiatric disorder, having ever smoked, having ever used/abused a substance.