Table 1.

Incidence rates (%) of adverse cardiac events in patients with concomitant HF and CAD and patients with only HF or CAD

Country/Study	Time frame	Patients	All‐cause mortality	CV mortality	MI	Stroke	Composite 1a	Composite 2a	Composite 3a
Australia/Lu et al., 2011 18	30 days	HF and CAD	4.9b	NR	4.4	NR	12.1b	NA	NA
		No HF and CAD	1.9		2.4		5.9
	1 year	HF and CAD	13.7b		13.2b		28.6b
		No HF and CAD	3.5		4.3		12.6
Canada/Ouzounian et al., 2009 20	5 years	HF, no CAD	43–58	NR	NR	NR	NA	68–73	NA
		HF and CAD	55–68c					78–84c
Canada/Nagendran et al., 2014 19	30 days	HF (LVEF ≤ 0.35) and CAD	6.78b	NR	NR	NR	NA	NA	NA
		No HF (LVEF > 0.35) and CAD	2.07
Denmark/Andersson et al., 2014 22	30 days	HF and CAD	12.3b	7–10b	1.5–1.6b	0.02–0.1	NA	NA	10.0b
		No HF and CAD	3.9	2	0.8–0.9	0.2			2.9
France/Rusinaru et al., 2014 23	1 year	HF, no CAD	17	NR	NR	NR	NA	NA	NA
		HF and CAD	38c
	10 years	HF, no CAD	67
		HF and CAD	86c
Japan/Marui et al., 2014 25, d	30 days	HF and CAD (PCI)	1.3	NR	1.3	1.0	NA	NA	NA
		HF and CAD (CABG)	2.0	NR	1.0	1.5
	3 years	HF and CAD (PCI)	21c	14c	4	7
		HF and CAD (CABG)	16	9	3	6
Multinational/Mentz et al., 2013 27 (EVEREST)	9.9 months (median)	HF, no CAD	23.5	18.1	0.5	1.6	NA	NA	NA
		HF and CAD	28.1c	21.6c	2.5c	1.7
US and Canada/Gheorghiade et al., 2011 26 (BEST)	26 months (median)	HF, no CAD	24	20	NR	NR	NA	NA	NA
		HF and CAD	37c	32c
Multinational/Velazquez et al., 2011 29 (STICH)	56 months (median)	HF and CAD (CABG)	36	28	NR	NR	NA	NA	NA

BEST, Beta‐Blocker Evaluation of Survival Trial; CABG, coronary artery bypass graft; CAD, coronary artery disease; CV, cardiovascular; EVEREST, Efficacy of Vasopressin Antagonist in Heart Failure Outcome Study with tolvaptan; HF, heart failure; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MI, myocardial infarction; NA, not applicable; NR, not reported; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; STICH, Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure; US, United States.

^aComposite 1: death, MI, or target vessel revascularization; Composite 2: death, readmission for HF, admission for coronary events, or ischemic stroke; Composite 3: acute MI, ischemic stroke, or CV death.

^bSignificant difference between CAD patients with and without HF.

^cSignificant difference between HF patients with and without CAD.

^dComparison between PCI and CABG, no controls without CAD or without HF.