Table 4.
Total and incremental costs and quality‐adjusted life‐years
| Overall proportion receiving gum* | Chewing gum† | Standard care† | Difference‡ | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary/community costs (€) | 151 of 326 (46·3) | 239(264) | 210(242) | 28 (−27, 83) | 0·316 |
| Hospital costs (€) | 199 of 402 (49·5) | 3773(8934) | 3177(5391) | 596 (−848, 2039) | 0·418 |
| Total health service costs (€) | 151 of 326 (46·3) | 3131(3117) | 2806(2598) | 325 (−298, 948) | 0·306 |
| QALYs | 90 of 193 (46·6) | 0·149(0·059) | 0·164(0·043) | −0·012§ (−0·026, 0·002) | 0·097 |
| Net monetary benefit (€) | 77 of 178 (43·3) | 874(2952) | 1048(3234) | −173 (−1103, 757) | 0·713 |
*
Values in parentheses are percentages; the overall number of patients was 402 (199 in chewing gum group and 203 in standard care group), but totals may not add up to this as there were some missing data.
†
Values are mean(s.d.);
‡
values in parentheses are 95 per cent c.i.
§
Mean difference in quality‐adjusted life‐years (QALYs) after adjustment for baseline EuroQol 5D‐3 L™ score26.