Table 1.
Comparison of baseline characteristics at hemodialysis initiation between patients who subsequently developed CUA (cases) and age-, sex-, and race-matched patients who did not develop CUA (controls)
| Characteristic | Cases (n=1030) | Controls (n=2060) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Age, yr | 54±15 | 55±15 | Not applicable |
| Sex, female % | 67 | 67 | Not applicable |
| Race | Not applicable | ||
| White % | 49 | 49 | |
| Black % | 28 | 28 | |
| Other % | 23 | 23 | |
| Comorbidities and vital signs | |||
| Diabetes mellitus, % | 61 | 44 | <0.001 |
| Obesity, % | 65 | 42 | <0.001 |
| Weight, kg | 101.2±29.3 | 82.0±25.5 | <0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 36.7±10.2 | 30.3±8.5 | <0.001 |
| Systolic BP, mmHg | 150±31 | 148±27 | 0.04 |
| Diastolic BP, mmHg | 78±18 | 78±17 | 0.66 |
| Mineral bone parameters and therapies | |||
| Serum calcium (albumin corrected), mg/dl | 9.1±0.8 | 9.0±0.8 | 0.04 |
| Serum phosphorus, mg/dl | 4.9±2.3 | 4.6±2.0 | 0.001 |
| Serum PTH, pg/ml | 379 (184, 651) | 250 (100, 471) | <0.001 |
| Serum ALP, U/L | 116.6±87.5 | 106.8±74.3 | 0.002 |
| Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, ng/ml | 19.4±10.1 | 16.7±11.2 | 0.07 |
| Dialysate calcium, mmol/L | 2.5±0.3 | 2.5±0.2 | 0.20 |
| Nutritional vitamin D treatment, % | 9 | 5 | <0.001 |
| Activated vitamin D treatment, % | 32 | 37 | 0.02 |
| Cinacalcet treatment, % | 7 | 2 | <0.001 |
| Phosphate-binding agent treatment, % | 35 | 31 | 0.01 |
| Other laboratory parameters and medications | |||
| Serum albumin, g/dl | 3.5±0.5 | 3.5±0.6 | 0.49 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dl | 10.2±1.5 | 10.4±1.5 | 0.01 |
| Serum bicarbonate, mEq/L | 22.5±3.9 | 22.5±4.0 | 0.61 |
| sPKtV | 1.5±0.4 | 1.6±0.4 | <0.001 |
| Warfarin treatment, % | 14 | 4 | <0.001 |
| Statin treatment, % | 25 | 22 | 0.04 |
| ESA treatment, % | 45 | 56 | <0.001 |
| ACEi/ARB treatment, % | 15 | 13 | 0.22 |
Mean ± SD is reported for all continuous variables except for serum PTH where IQR is reported. ALP, alkaline phosphatase; sPKtV, single pool KtV; ESA, erythropoiesis-stimulating agent; ACEi/ARB, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker.