Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of study population
| Variable | Overall, n=488 | PAG | P Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tertile 1, n=162 | Tertile 2, n=163 | Tertile 3, n=163 | |||
| Age, yr | 64 (50–74) | 51 (37–63) | 69 (57–75) | 72 (59–78) | <0.001 |
| Sex: men/women (%) | 270/218 (55.3/44.7) | 86/70 (53.1/46.9) | 92/71 (56.4/43.6) | 92/71 (56.4/43.6) | 0.54 |
| Prior CVD: yes/no (%) | 135/353 (27.7/72.3) | 23/139 (14.2/85.8) | 49/114 (30.1/69.9) | 63/100 (38.7/61.3) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus: yes/no (%) | 89/399 (18.2/81.8) | 15/147 (9.3/90.7) | 26/137 (16.0/84.0) | 48/115 (29.5/70.5) | <0.001 |
| Current smoker: yes/no (%) | 90/398 (18.4/81.6) | 37/125 (22.8/77.2) | 24/139 (14.7/85.3) | 29/134 (17.8/82.2) | 0.24 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 25.69 (22.99–29.06) | 25.20 (22.49–29.02) | 26.06 (23.15–29.06) | 25.51 (23.04–29.05) | 0.63 |
| Systolic BP, mmHg | 135 (120–150) | 130 (120–150) | 139 (120–150) | 140 (122–160) | <0.01 |
| Diastolic BP, mmHg | 80 (70–85) | 80 (70–85) | 78 (70–84) | 80 (70–85) | 0.06 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dl | 13.3 (12.1–14.5) | 14.3 (13.1–15.4) | 13.3 (12.0–14.3) | 12.5 (11.4–13.5) | <0.001 |
| Albumin, g/L | 44.8 (42.4–46.9) | 45.8 (43.4–47.3) | 45.2 (43.3–47.2) | 43.7 (41.4–45.9) | <0.001 |
| C-reactive protein, mg/L | 2 (1–6) | 1 (1–5) | 2 (1–4) | 3 (1–7) | 0.004 |
| Cholesterol, mg/dl | 178 (152–205) | 184 (160–206) | 181 (156–207) | 165 (142–188) | <0.001 |
| LDL, mg/dl | 85 (66–111) | 91 (71–115) | 85 (68–114) | 78 (61–100) | 0.004 |
| HDL, mg/dl | 57 (47–72) | 60 (50–77) | 57 (47–70) | 56 (45–70) | 0.03 |
| Calcium, mg/dl | 9.6 (9.2–9.9) | 9.5 (9.2–9.9) | 9.6 (9.3–10.0) | 9.6 (9.2–9.9) | 0.57 |
| Phosphate, mg/dl | 3.3 (2.9–3.8) | 3.1 (2.7–3.5) | 3.2 (2.9–3.6) | 3.6 (3.2–4.2) | <0.001 |
| Parathormone, ng/L | 23.5 (12.5–51.4) | 14.1 (5.2–23.6) | 23.8 (14.3–47.7) | 46.0 (22.9–79.3) | <0.001 |
| Creatinine, mg/dl | 1.78 (1.26–2.43) | 1.15 (0.97–1.52) | 1.75 (1.42–2.13) | 2.51 (2.01–3.50) | <0.001 |
| eGFR, ml/min per 1.73 m2 | 35 (23–56) | 66 (44–81) | 35 (27–45) | 22 (15–28) | <0.001 |
| Therapy with ACEI/ARB: yes/no (%) | 345/143 (70.7/29.3) | 113/49 (69.8/31.2) | 116/47 (71.2/28.8) | 116/47 (71.2/28.8) | 0.78 |
| Therapy with statins: yes/no (%) | 236/252 (48.4/51.6) | 59/103 (36.4/63.6) | 90/73 (55.2/44.8) | 87/76 (53.4/46.6) | 0.002 |
| Therapy with 25-OH vitamin D: yes/no (%) | 89/399 (18.2/81.8) | 15/147 (9.3/90.7) | 28/135 (17.2/82.8) | 46/117 (28.2/71.8) | <0.001 |
| Therapy with phosphate binder: yes/no (%) | 133/355 (27.3/72.7) | 23/139 (14.2/85.8) | 36/127 (22.1/77.9) | 74/89 (45.4/54.6) | <0.001 |
| PAG, μM | 6.21 (2.99–13.18) | 1.96 (1.06–2.97) | 6.20 (4.93–7.83) | 17.09 (13.14–27.51) | <0.001 |
Data are expressed as means (SDs) or medians (IQRs) as appropriate. Differences between tertiles were tested using Kruskal–Wallis or chi-squared test as appropriate. CVD, cardiovascular disease; ACEI, angiotensin–converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; 25-OH vitamin D, 25-hydroxyvitamine D.