Table 2.
Socio-demographic, laboratory and clinical characteristics of the study population, INI cohort, 2000–2011.
| Women | Heterosexual Men |
MSM | Total | p-value* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of patients (%) | 817 (36·7) | 554 (24·9) | 853 (38·4) | 2224 | |
| Age at enrollment a | |||||
| Median (IQR) | 36·1 (29·3, 43·2) | 37·5 (30·5, 45·1) | 34·1 (27·4, 41·3) | 35·6 (28·7, 42·7) | <0·001 |
| <30 | 290 (35·5) | 203 (36·6) | 297 (34·8) | 790 (35·5) | <0·001 |
| 30–39 | 208 (25·5) | 142 (25·6) | 193 (22·6) | 543 (24·4) | |
| 40–49 | 93 (11·4) | 81 (14·6) | 57 (6·7) | 231 (10·4) | |
| 50+ | 226 (27·7) | 128 (23·1) | 306 (35·9) | 660 (29·7) | |
| Race | |||||
| Non-white | 479 (58·6) | 298 (53·8) | 327 (38·3) | 1104 (49·6) | <0·001 |
| White | 338 (41·4) | 256 (46·2) | 526 (61·7) | 1120 (50·4) | |
| Education (years) | |||||
| Up to 9 | 513 (62·8) | 337 (60·8) | 227 (26·6) | 1077 (48·4) | <0·001 |
| More than 9 | 304 (37·2) | 217 (39·2) | 626 (73·4) | 1147 (51·6) | |
| AIDS at or prior to enrollment b | 186 (22·8) | 181 (32·7) | 230 (27·0) | 597 (26·8) | <0·001 |
| CD4 count at enrollment (cells/mm3) c | |||||
| Median (IQR) | 394 (224, 596) | 297 (165, 450) | 371 (220, 552) | 364 (207,547·8) | <0·001 |
| >350 | 447 (57·6) | 203 (39·1) | 444 (54·2) | 1094 (51·8) | <0·001 |
| 201–350 | 162 (20·9) | 157 (30·3) | 192 (23·4) | 511 (24·2) | |
| 51–200 | 141 (18·2) | 128 (24·7) | 147 (17·9) | 416 (19·7) | |
| <=50 | 26 (3·4) | 31 (6·0) | 36 (4·4) | 93 (4·4) | |
| HIV RNA at enrollment (copies/mL) c | |||||
| <=100000 | 665 (81·4) | 429 (77·4) | 678 (79·5) | 1772 (79·7) | 0·043 |
| >100000 | 56 (6·9) | 60 (10·8) | 89 (10·4) | 205 (9·2) | |
| Missing | 96 (11·8) | 65 (11·7) | 86 (10·1) | 247 (11·1) | |
| Nadir CD4 count (cells/mm3) d | |||||
| Median (IQR) | 212 (85, 311) | 140 (52, 251) | 201 (76, 319) | 189 (72, 299) | <0·001 |
| >350 | 152 (18·6) | 60 (10·8) | 160 (18·8) | 372 (16·7) | <0·001 |
| 201–350 | 282 (34·5) | 142 (25·6) | 268 (31·4) | 692 (31·1) | |
| 51–200 | 241 (29·5) | 217 (39·2) | 270 (31·7) | 728 (32·7) | |
| <=50 | 142 (17·4) | 135 (24·4) | 155 (18·2) | 432 (19·4) | |
| Last CD4 count (cells/mm3) e | |||||
| Median (IQR) | 577 (394, 791) | 501 (311, 683) | 533 (363, 741) | 540 (360, 742) | < 0·001 |
| >350 | 623 (76·3) | 363 (65·5) | 625 (73·3) | 1611 (72·4) | < 0·001 |
| 201–350 | 88 (10·8) | 104 (18·8) | 121 (14·2) | 313 (14·1) | |
| 51–200 | 57 (7) | 44 (7·9) | 50 (5·9) | 151 (6·8) | |
| <=50 | 11 (1·3) | 15 (2·7) | 22 (2·6) | 48 (2·2) | |
| Missing | 38 (4·7) | 28 (5·1) | 35 (4·1) | 101 (4·5) | |
| Last HIV RNA (copies/mL) e | |||||
| <400 | 573 (70·1) | 421 (76) | 590 (69·2) | 1584 (71·2) | 0·013 |
| >= 400 | 203 (24·8) | 100 (18·1) | 220 (25·8) | 523 (23·5) | |
| Missing | 41 (5) | 33 (6) | 43 (5) | 117 (5·3) | |
| Hepatitis B diagnosis f | 25 (3·1) | 27 (4·9) | 61 (7·2) | 113 (5·1) | 0·001 |
| Hepatitis C diagnosis f | 60 (7·3) | 34 (6·1) | 42 (4·9) | 136 (6·1) | 0·119 |
| ART use g | 683 (83·6) | 486 (87·7) | 677 (79·4) | 1846 (83) | < 0·001 |
| Median time of ART use (IQR) g | 3·5 (0·8, 6·5) | 3·5 (1·2, 6·4) | 3·1 (0·5, 6·9) | 3·4 (0·8, 6·6) | 0·198 |
| AIDS infection during follow-up h | 220 (26·9) | 192 (34·7) | 219 (25·7) | 631 (28·4) | < 0·001 |
| AIDS malignancy during follow-up h | 6 (0·7) | 12 (2·2) | 20 (2·3) | 38 (1·7) | < 0·001 |
| Any hospitalization during follow-up i | 257 (31·5) | 205 (37) | 248 (29·1) | 710 (31·9) | 0·007 |
Kruskal Wallis t-test and Chi-squared tests for continuous and categorical variables, respectively.
Calculated as the difference between date of enrolment and date of birth.
AIDS-defining disease (CDC 1993 definition) prior to or at enrollment.
Nearest result six months prior to or after enrollment.
Lowest CD4 cell count available during follow-up.
Defined as the last result within the last year a patient’s follow-up.
Hepatitis B infection was defined by the presence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis C infection was defined by the presence of hepatitis C antibodies at any time during follow-up.
ART use was defined as the use of at least three antiretroviral drugs (two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and either a protease inhibitor and/or a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor and/or an integrase inhibitor) for a minimum period of 90 days. Years of ART use were calculated from start of treatment to date of death or censoring.
Diagnosis of an AIDS-defining infection or AIDS-defining malignancy during follow-up were captured from the patient’s medical chart. To avoid bias (by controlling for a covariate that could be the cause of death) AIDS defining infections and malignancies were considered only if they happened at least 30 days prior to end of follow-up.
Hospital admission was defined as any hospitalization during follow-up. Hospitalizations that ended in death were excluded from the count.
Abbreviations used:
MSM: men who have sex with men
IQR: interquartile range
HIV: human immunodeficiency virus
ART: antiretroviral therapy
AIDS: acquired immunodeficiency syndrome