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. 2016 Oct 28;11(10):e0164532. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164532

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© 2016 Chatterjee et al

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

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Fig 11 — A two-pronged leaf evolutionary hypothesis in rice suggests that the leaf structure has possibly evolved into Oryza sativa leaf type by the favorable selection of one of the two possible evolutionary lines (Lineage 1 and 2). The first lineage explains the presence of Type-A mesophyll cells, which existed ~10 million years ago and has remained unchanged since the evolution of O. schlechteri. The second lineage explains a gradual modification of the ancestral Type-B mesophyll cells that lead to an overall increase in the mesophyll area between the veins and gradually evolved into the cultivated rice leaf that we see today. The probable time of evolution of a particular leaf type is shown as Million Years Ago (MYA).