Table 1. Epidemiologic characteristics of patients with acute dengue vs. other acute febrile illness, Nicaragua.
| Demographic Characteristics | Acute dengue (n = 38) | No acute Dengue (n = 702) | OR (95% CI); P value unless noted otherwise |
|---|---|---|---|
| Median age, years, (IQR) | 16 (6,35) | 9 (3,28) | P = 0.26 |
| Adult (≥ 18 years) | 17 (45%) | 267 (38%) | 1.32 (0.68–2.54); 0.41 |
| Male sex | 18 (47%) | 371 (53%) | 1.24 (0.65–2.39); 0.52 |
| Rural residence | 16 (42%) | 189 (27%) | 2.06 (1.05–4.04); 0.03 |
| Education, if age ≥18 | P = 0.52 | ||
| Illiterate | 3 (18%) | 37 (14%) | 1.49 (0.76–2.91); 0.24^ |
| Primary | 8 (47%) | 101 (38%) | |
| Secondary | 6 (35%) | 101 (38%) | |
| University | 0 (0%) | 27 (10%) | |
| Type of Work, if age ≥18# | P = 0.91 | ||
| Home | 11 (65%) | 33 (50%) | 1.05 (0.54–2.04); 0.89^ |
| Student | 1 (6%) | 28 (10%) | |
| Worker | 2 (12%) | 51 (19%) | |
| Farmer | 1 (6%) | 17 (6%) | |
| Merchant | 1 (6%) | 18 (7%) | |
| Other | 1 (6%) | 20 (7%) | |
| Animal exposures | |||
| Horse | 14 (37%) | 100 (14%) | 3.51 (1.75–7.01);<0.001 |
| Cow | 10 (26%) | 85 (12%) | 2.59 (1.21–5.52);0.01 |
| Pig | 17 (45%) | 156 (22%) | 2.83 (1.46–5.49);0.002 |
| Goat | 5 (13%) | 16 (2%) | 6.49 (2.24–18.78); 0.001 |
| Cat | 11 (29%) | 172 (25%) | 1.25 (0.61–2.58); 0.54 |
| Dog | 30 (79%) | 450 (64%) | 2.09 (0.94–4.63); 0.07 |
| Rodent | 27 (71%) | 493 (70%) | 1.04 (0.51–2.13); 0.92 |
| Swim/bathe/wade | |||
| River | 6 (16%) | 78 (11%) | 1.55 (0.63–2.82); 0.35 |
| Other fresh water | 1 (3%) | 10 (1%) | 1.91 (0.24–15.41); 0.54 |
| Water source# | P = 0.03 | ||
| Tap | 22 (59%) | 547 (78) | 0.41 (0.21–0.81); 0.01^ |
| Well | 13 (35%) | 144 (21%) | |
| River | 1 (3%) | 5 (1%) | |
| Bottle/boiled | 1 (3%) | 4 (1%) |
# Does not sum to 100% secondary to rounding.
^ Reference group versus all other categories.