Table 1. Heterogeneity estimates in animals and humans.

Category		Subgroup	Nr	Ns	Q	Q-P	T2†	H2	I2,95% CI
Animals	Species	Camel	14	14970	163	0.0001	0.011	12.5	0.92	0.88	0.95
		Cattle	23	25579	464	0.0001	0.018	21.1	0.95	0.94	0.96
		Goat	21	15957	508	0.0001	0.035	25.4	0.96	0.95	0.97
		Sheep	19	13261	202	0.0001	0.016	11.2	0.91	0.88	0.94
	Puberty	Post P	39	33985	626	0.0001	0.018	16.5	0.94	0.93	0.95
		Pre P	26	9775	93	0.0001	0.007	3.7	0.73	0.60	0.82
	Sex	Female	49	43475	791	0.0001	0.018	16.5	0.94	0.93	0.95
		Male	39	22459	241	0.0001	0.01	6.3	0.84	0.79	0.88
	Breed C	Cross	11	8561	178	0.0001	0.023	17.8	0.94	0.91	0.95
		Local	15	14627	216	0.0001	0.015	15.3	0.94	0.92	0.96
	System	Mixed-CL	19	17328	120	0.0001	0.006	6.7	0.85	0.78	0.90
		Pastoral	30	36239	851	0.0001	0.024	29.3	0.97	0.96	0.97
		Si/I	12	9748	189	0.0001	0.021	17.2	0.94	0.92	0.96
Humans	System	Pastoral	3	396	14	0.001	0.048	6.9	0.86	0.57	0.95
		Sedentary	4	570	5	0.147	0.006	1.8	0.44	0	0.81
	Occupation	SBHP	4	445	10	0.023	0.026	3.2	0.69	0.09	0.89
		Overall	10	2223	104	0.0001	0.051	11.6	0.91	0.86	0.95

Breed C, cattle breed; H² & I², Higgin’s statistics/ indexes; Mixed-CL, mixed crop-livestock production system; Nr, number of reports; Ns, number of samples; Post P, post-pubertal; Pre P, pre-pubertal; Q, Cochran’s Chi squared; Q-P, Cochran’s P value; Si/I, semi intensive and intensive production system; SBHP, slaughterhouse personnel, butchers, animal health and production workers; T², tau squared.

^†Double arcsine estimate.