Table 3.

Time effects and between group effects at three and six months after baseline assessment.

Outcome	Intervention Group (Time Effect)		Control Group (Time Effect)		Between Group Difference (Group × Time)
	Mean Change [95% CI]	ES, p-Value	Mean Change [95% CI]	ES, p-Value	Difference of Mean Changes a [95% CI]	ES, p-Value
HRQoL
Three-month	0.02 [−0.06, 0.11]	0.08, p = 0.58	0.03 [−0.04, 0.11]	0.11, p =0.40	−0.01 [−0.12, 0.10]	−0.01, p = 0.88
Six-month	0.04 [−0.06, 0.13]	0.13, p = 0.45	−0.05 [−0.14, 0.03]	−0.18, p = 0.25
Fatigue
Three-month	−2.06 [−5.74, 1.62]	−0.16, p = 0.28	−1.81 [−5.11, 1.49]	−0.14, p = 0.29	−0.25 [−5.19, 4.69]	−0.01, p = 0.92
Six-month	5.3 [1.15, 9.46]	0.42, p = 0.02	−1.3 [−5.03, 2.43]	−0.1, p = 0.50
Aerobic fitness (VO2peak)
Three-month	0.13 [−0.83, 1.08]	0.04, p = 0.80	−0.33 [−1.19, 0.54]	−0.1, p = 0.46	0.45 [−0.84, 1.74]	0.07, p = 0.49
Six-month	−0.34 [−1.46, 0.78]	−0.11, p = 0.55	0.71 [−0.28, 1.71]	0.23, p = 0.17
Forced vital capacity (L)
Three-month	−0.03 [−0.12, 0.05]	−0.11, p = 0.46	−0.02 [−0.1, 0.06]	−0.06, p = 0.657	−0.01 [−0.13, 0.1]	−0.02, p = 0.81
Six-month	−0.01 [−0.11, 0.09]	−0.03, p = 0.84	0.05 [−0.04, 0.14]	0.19, p = 0.25
Peak expiratory flow (L/sec)
Three-month	0.36 [0.07, 0.65]	0.35, p = 0.02	−0.06 [−0.33, 0.21]	−0.06, p = 0.65	0.42 [0.03, 0.82]	0.2, p = 0.04
Six-month	0.12 [−0.22, 0.46]	0.12, p = 0.49	0.23 [-0.08, 0.53]	0.23, p = 0.16
Knee extension (Nm)
Three-month	20.52 [7.56, 33.48]	0.46, p = 0.003	−1.39 [−12.91, 10.13]	−0.03, p=0.81	21.91 [4.57, 39.24]	0.24, p = 0.02
Six-month	5.11 [−9.96, 20.18]	0.11, p = 0.51	0.04 [−13.29, 13.38]	0.0, p = 0.99
Knee flexion (Nm)
Three-month	19.61 [12.03, 27.19]	0.76, p = 0.00	3.62 [−3.11, 10.35]	0.14, p = 0.30	16 [5.86, 26.13]	0.3, p = 0.003
Six-month	2.34 [−6.39, 11.07]	0.09, p = 0.60	4.17 [−3.55, 11.89]	0.16, p = 0.30
Trunk extension (Nm)
Three-month	−1.11 [−9.53, 7.31]	−0.04, p = 0.80	0.02 [−7.54, 7.57]	0, p = 0.99	−1.13 [−12.44, 10.18]	−0.02, p = 0.85
Six-month	10.21 [0.56, 19.86]	0.36, p = 0.05	4.46 [−4.1, 13.02]	0.16, p = 0.31
Trunk flexion (Nm)
Three-month	6.29 [2.65, 9.93]	0.5, p = 0.001	3.95 [0.69, 7.21]	0.31, p = 0.02	2.34 [−2.55, 7.22]	0.09, p = 0.35
Six-month	3.2 [−1.01, 7.41]	0.26, p = 0.15	2.93 [-0.8, 6.66]	0.24, p = 0.13
Sport score
Three-month	0.91 [0.44, 1.37]	0.55, p = 0.00	−0.19 [−0.61, 0.24]	−0.11, p = 0.393	1.09 [0.46, 1.73]	0.33, p = 0.001
Six-month	0.12 [−0.41, 0.66]	0.08, p = 0.65	0.96 [0.47, 1.45]	0.59, p = 0.00

^a—higher values display positive changes in favor of the intervention group, except for HrQoL and Fatigue scales; ES—standardized effect size; HRQoL—Health-related quality of life; L—liters; Nm—newton metre; VO_2peak—peak oxygen consumption in O₂ mL/(kg·min).