| BMP-7 | Bone morphogenic protein 7 |
| CAF | Cancer associated fibroblasts |
| CaSR | Calcium sensing receptor |
| CSC | Cancer Stem Cell |
| CXCL12 | C–X–C motif chemokine ligand 12 |
| CXCR4 | Couple chemokine (C–X–C) receptor type 4 |
| DTC | Disseminated tumour cell |
| EMT | Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition |
| GAS6 | Growth arrest-specific 6 |
| HSC | Hematopoietic stem cell |
| ID1 or 3 | Inhibitor of differentiation 1 or 3 |
| IGF1 | Insulin-like growth factor 1 |
| NFκB | Nuclear factor κB |
| OPN | Osteopontin |
| PDGF | Platelet-derived growth factor |
| PTHrP | Parathyroid hormone-related protein |
| RANK | Receptor Activator of NFκB |
| RANKL | Receptor activator of NFκB ligand |
| SNO | Spindle-shaped N-cadherin+ osteoblast |
| SOST-1 | Sclerostin 1 |
| TGFβ | Transforming growth factor β |
| TSP-1 | Thrombospondin-1 |
| VCAM1 | Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 |