Table 2. Association between traditional risk factors, biomarkers and incident hypertension.
| Characteristic | Univariable models | Multivariable models | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| *OR (95%CI) | p-Value | *AOR (95%CI) | p-Value | |
| Age (each year) | 1.07 (1.04 - 1.11) | <0.001 | 1.09 (1.04 - 1.13) | <0.001 |
|
| ||||
| Male gender | 2.04 (1.13 - 3.67) | 0.018 | 2.85 (1.37 - 5.94) | 0.005 |
|
| ||||
| Ever smoked | 1.12 (0.58 - 2.15) | 0.728 | -- | -- |
|
| ||||
| Body mass index (kg/m2) at ART initiation | ||||
|
| ||||
| <25 | REF | -- | REF | -- |
| 25 - 29.9 | 2.26 (1.05 - 4.87) | 0.037 | 4.47 (1.82 - 10.96) | 0.001 |
| ≥ 30 | 5.12 (0.91 - 28.84) | 0.064 | 8.30 (1.26 - 54.79) | 0.028 |
|
| ||||
| CD4+ T cell counts (cells/mm3) at ART Initiation | ||||
|
| ||||
| ≥ 250 | REF | -- | REF | -- |
| 100 - 249 | 1.23 (0.50 - 3.01) | 0.655 | 1.43 (0.51 - 4.01) | 0.500 |
| <100 | 1.74 (0.69 - 4.39) | 0.243 | 3.42 (1.09 - 10.74) | 0.035 |
|
| ||||
| Log10 pre-ART HIV viralload (each viral copy/mL) | 1.12 (0.75 - 1.66) | 0.592 | 0.88 (0.53 - 1.43) | 0.624 |
| Log10 sCD163 | ||||
|
| ||||
| ART initiation | 1.11 (0.78 - 1.59) | 0.590 | 1.01 (0.65 - 1.59) | 0.947 |
| 6 months post-ART initiation | 1.14 (0.73 - 1.79) | 0.600 | 1.07 (0.64 - 1.78) | 0.801 |
|
| ||||
| Log10 sCD14 | ||||
|
| ||||
| ART initiation | 1.24 (0.81 - 1.89) | 0.312 | 1.26 (0.72 - 2.20) | 0.420 |
| 6 months post-ART initiation | 0.73 (0.49 - 1.07) | 0.105 | 0.79 (0.50 - 1.27) | 0.340 |
|
| ||||
| Log10 lipopolysaccharide | ||||
|
| ||||
| ART initiation | 0.94 (0.64 - 1.38) | 0.767 | 1.07 (0.69 - 1.66) | 0.760 |
| 6 months post-ART initiation | 1.06 (0.69 - 1.63) | 0.707 | 1.13 (0.69 - 1.86) | 0.624 |
|
| ||||
| Log10 K/T ratio | ||||
|
| ||||
| ART initiation | 0.87 (0.59 - 1.30) | 0.509 | 0.89 (0.54 - 1.46) | 0.638 |
| 6 months post-ART initiation | 0.74 (0.49 - 1.09) | 0.129 | 0.91 (0.58 - 1.42) | 0.683 |
|
| ||||
| Log10 IL6 | ||||
|
| ||||
| ART initiation | 1.12 (0.81 - 1.56) | 0.483 | 1.12 (0.73 - 1.74) | 0.600 |
| 6 months post-ART initiation | 1.02 (0.73 - 1.43) | 0.916 | 0.98 (0.66 - 1.47) | 0.934 |
|
| ||||
| Log10 D-dimer | ||||
|
| ||||
| ART initiation | 0.87 (0.59 - 1.28) | 0.491 | 0.85 (0.54 - 1.32) | 0.460 |
| 6 months post-ART initiation | 0.62 (0.39 - 0.97) | 0.038 | 0.61 (0.37 - 0.99) | 0.049 |
*
Odds ratios (OR) or Adjusted Odds ratios (OR) of having the given predictor value compared to the reference value by hypertension status.
Adjusted Odds ratios (AOR) of having the given predictor value compared to the reference value by hypertension status. For biomarkers at ART initiation, models are adjusted for age, gender, BMI, pre-ART CD4+ T cell count, and Log10 pre-ART HIV RNA viral load. For biomarkers at 6 months post-ART initiation, models are adjusted for age, gender, BMI, and pre-ART CD4+ T cell count since all participants had viral suppression.