Table 3.

Prosthetic arthroplasty for GCTs of the distal radius

Study	Patients	Prosthesis	Followup (months)	Recurrence rate	Flexion/extension	Supination/pronation	Complications	Functional scores
Gold [12] 1957	1	Distal radius prosthesis	59	0	NA	NA	The fracture of the metallic stem	NA
Hariri et al. [14] 2013	1	Mega wrist prosthesis	33	0	20°/70	60°/70°	Dorsal subluxation of the ulnar head	QuickDASH score, 52.27/100 Enneking score, 83%
Hatano et al. [15] 2006	2	Distal radius ceramic prosthesis	168, 120	0	15°/30° 15°/35°	45°/30° 50°/60°	DJD (2), radiolucent line of bone-cement interface (2)	Enneking score, 83% Enneking score, 83%
Natarajan et al. [25] 2009	24*	Custom-made bipolar hinge prosthesis	78 (range, 24–156)	0	25° (range, 5°–40°)/20° (range 10°–50°)	40° (range, 5°–80°)/60° (range, 25°–85°)	Skin flap necrosis (2), infection (2), aseptic loosening (2)	Averaged MSTS score, 75%
Gokaraju et al. [11] 2009	1	Predominantly titanium prosthesis	56	0	20°/40°	Pronation full while supination 45°	Mild degenerative changes of the carpal bones	Full DASH score, 10.3/100
Zhang et al. [35] 2015	11	Custom-made distal radius prosthesis	55.5 (range, 24–83)	9.09	30° (range, 15°–45°)/40.9° (range, 20°–60°)	46.4° (range, 20°–65°)/38.2° (range, 10°–60°)	Superficial infection (1), pain (1)	MSTS score, 80 (range, 63.3–93.3)
Current study	10	Custom-made distal radius prosthesis	52 (range, 24–90)	0	20°(range, 10°–38°)/22°(range, 15°–39°)	38° (range, 15°–65°)/36° (range, 22°–60°)	Pain (2), DJD (3), aseptic loosening (1), wrist subluxation (2)	Modified Mayo wrist score, 68 (range, 45–90)

GCT = giant cell tumor; * of 24 patients, 16 had giant cell tumors; DJD = degenerative joint disease; NA = not applicable; MSTS = Musculoskeletal Tumor Society.