Table 1.
| Characteristics | M | K | R | S |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Location | Kleiner Priol (Montiggl) | Klobenstein (Ritten) | Kleebach (Ritten) | Schwarzsee-spitze (Ritten) |
| Coordinates | N46°25′36.8″ E11°17′48.6″ |
N46°32′38.1″ E11°28′16.1″ |
N46°35′16.2″ E11°26′4.9″ |
N46°35′21.4″ E11°27′2.4″ |
| Altitude (m a.s.l.) | 545–570 | 1175–1200 | 1724–1737 | 1965–2000 |
| Exposition | SW | SW | SW | SW |
| Mean annual precipitation (mm) | 900 | 950 | 1000 | 1050 |
| Mean annual air temperature (°C) | 11.0 | 7.4 | 4.0 | 2.4 |
| Mean annual soil temperature (°C)b | 9.8 bb | 9.3 b | 4.3 a | 3.9 a |
| Minimum annual soil temperature (°C)b | 6.5 b | 5.5 b | 1.9 a | 1.1 a |
| Maximum anual soil temperature (°C)a | 13.5 b | 12.7 b | 6.1 a | 6.2 a |
| Altitudinal vegetation belt | Submontane | Montane | Subalpine | Alpine |
| Vegetation | Mixed deciduous forest | Mixed deciduous forest | Coniferous forest | Tree line |
| Dominant plant species | Quercus pubescens, Quercus robur, Fraxinus ornus, Pinus sylvestris, Ostrya carpinifolia | Fagus sylvatica, Pinus sylvestris, Picea abies, Larix decidua | Picea abies, Pinus cembra, Larix decidua, Vaccinium myrtillus | Pinus mugo, Pinus cembra,Picea abies, Rhododendron ferrugineum |
| Bedrock | Rhyolite (quartz-porphyry) | Rhyolite (quartz-porphyry) | Rhyolite (quartz-porphyry) | Rhyolite (quartz-porphyry) |
| Soil type | Dystric cambisol | Dystric cambisol | Haplic podsol | Haplic podsol |
a.s.l. above sea level
aDifferent letters in a row denote significant differences (P < 0.05) between sites