Table 2.

Patient characteristics of each utilization phenotype (group E to G) in the training set (N=24,324). The total column includes data from phenotypes in Table 1.

Characteristics	Utilization phenotype
	E	F	G	Total sample
Size of group (n)	2082	430	40	24,324
Age, years, mean (SD)	65.1 (16.8)	67.4 (16.3)	60.5 (14.4)	52.7 (17.9)
Male, n (%)	716 (34.4)	158 (36.7)	8 (20)	9170 (37.7)
White, n (%)	799 (38.4)	191 (44.4)	14 (35)	11,943 (49.1)
Asian, n (%)	525 (25.2)	76 (18)	4 (10)	5400 (22.2)
Black, n (%)	385 (18.5)	102 (23.7)	17 (43)	2165 (8.9)
Commercial, n (%)	431 (20.7)	26 (6)	3 (8)	14,665 (60.3)
Medicare or Medicaid, n (%)	1628 (78.2)	402 (93.5)	37 (93)	9219 (38.0)
Other payer, n (%)	23 (1)	2 (1)	N/Aa	440 (1.8)
Active medications at PCPb visit, mean (SD)	11 (5)	15.7 (6.1)	16.2 (9.3)	4.7 (5.2)
Primary care visits, mean (SD)	7 (2.8)	11.5 (4.5)	33.2 (10)	2.3 (3)
Weighted primary care visits, mean (SD)	10.7 (4.4)	19.1 (7.8)	53.1 (15.6)	3.2 (4.7)
No-show visits, mean (SD)	1.8 (2.4)	4.3 (4.9)	6.2 (5.3)	0.7 (1.6)
Urgent care visits, mean (SD)	0.2 (0.7)	0.5 (1.2)	1.2 (2.4)	0.1 (0.5)
Telephone encounters, mean (SD)	5.9 (3.8)	19.4 (10.3)	18.5 (22.5)	1.9 (3.8)
Emergency department visits, mean (SD)	0.5 (1)	1.6 (2.9)	1.8 (2.1)	0.2 (0.7)
Emergent hospitalizations, mean (SD)	0.2 (0.5)	0.9 (1.7)	0.9 (1.5)	0.1 (0.4)
Elective hospitalizations, mean (SD)	0 (0.2)	0.1 (0.4)	0 (0.2)	0 (0.1)
Specialist visits (capped), mean (SD)	4.4 (3.3)	11.5 (8.2)	7.6 (9.2)	3.2 (4.9)
Infusion visits, mean (SD)	0.1 (2.2)	0.1 (1.1)	0 (0.2)	0.1 (1.5)
Transfusion visits, mean (SD)	0 (0.6)	0.5 (3.3)	0.2 (1.3)	0.1 (1.1)
Radiology or procedure visits, mean (SD)	1.5 (1.7)	2.7 (3)	2.5 (2.9)	0.8 (1.5)
Secure electronic messages to patient, mean (SD)	3.4 (7.8)	5.6 (14.6)	5 (14.5)	2.4 (6.1)
Secure electronic messages from patient, mean (SD)	4.4 (10.4)	8.1 (22.3)	8.6 (25.5)	3.1 (8.1)

^aN/A: not applicable.

^bPCP: primary care physician.