Table 1.

The details of HELPERR and BE CALM Mnemonics

HELPERR Mnemonics	BE CALM Mnemonics
Help: call for help	Breathe, do not push
Evaluate for episiotomy	Elevate the legs into McRoberts position
Legs: McRoberts position	Call for help
Pressure: Suprapubic pressure	Apply suprapubic pressure
Enter manoeuvres: perform internal rotation	EnLarge the vaginal opening: perform episiotomy if more room is needed for manoeuvres
Remove the posterior arm	Manoeuvres deliver the posterior arm or perform rotational manoeuvres
Roll the patient onto all fours