Table 2.

Maternal, Fetal Antenatal and Intrapartum Characteristics of Women with Shoulder Dystocia (N = 198)

McRoberts’ manoeuvre with and without suprapubic pressure
		Fail (n = 147)	Success (n = 51)	p
Maternal Characteristics
Ethnicity	Chinese	140 (95.2)	48 (94.1)
	Other Asian	7 (4.8)	3 (5.9)	0.753
Maternal Age	Mean ± SD	31 ± 4.8	30 ± 5.2	0.300
	<35 years	113 (76.9)	40 (78.4)
	≥35 years	34 (23.1)	11 (21.6)	0.819
Maternal Height (cm)a	Mean ± SD	156 ± 6.0	156 ± 5.5	0.737
	>150	120 (81.6)	45 (88.2)
	≤150	24 (16.3)	4 (7.8)	0.144
Maternal Weight at delivery (kg)		68.1 ± 9.9	71.7 ± 9.2	0.034
Maternal BMI at booking (kg/m2)b	Mean ± SD	24.1 ± 3.9	24.8 ± 3.5	0.312
	<30	128 (87.1)	45 (88.2)
	≥30	14 (9.5)	2 (3.9)	0.232
Maternal BMI at delivery (kg/m2)c	Mean ± SD	27.8 ± 3.4	29.2 ± 3.5	0.015
	<30	108 (72.5)	29 (56.9)
	≥30	31 (21.1)	17 (33.3)	0.049
Parity	Nulliparous	76 (51.7)	20 (39.2)
	Multiparous	71 (48.3)	31 (60.8)	0.124
Pre-existing/Gestational Diabetes Mellitus	No	134 (91.1)	45 (88.2)
	Yes	13 (8.8)	6 (11.8)	0.542
Intrapartum Characteristics
Onset of Labour	Spontaneous	112 (76.2)	43 (84.3)
	Induced	35 (23.8)	8 (15.7)	0.285
Duration of 2nd stage (minutes)d	Mean ± SD	55 ± 41.2	42 ± 40.7	0.056
	Normal (≤60 min)	84 (57.1)	37 (72.5)
	Prolonged (>60 min)	61 (41.5)	13 (25.5)	0.043
Mode of Delivery	Spontaneous vaginal	34 (23.1)	31 (60.8)
	Instrumental	113 (76.9)	20 (39.2)	<0.001
Epidural	With	25 (17.0)	6 (11.8)
	Without	122 (83.0)	45 (88.2)	0.375
Infant Characteristics
Gestation (weeks)		39 ± 1.2	39 ± 1.2	0.658
Sex	Male	91 (61.9)	28 (54.9)
	Female	56 (38.1)	23 (45.1)	0.379
Body Weight (kg)	Mean ± SD	3.78 ± 0.39	3.87 ± 0.38	0.178
	<4 kg	102 (69.4)	33 (64.7)
	≥4 kg	45 (30.6)	18 (35.3)	0.536

Note: Data presented as n (%) or mean ± standard deviation; SD standard deviation

a: 5 missing data; b:9 missing data; c:13 missing data; d:3 missing data