Table 1.
Characteristics of 2494 Participants at the Most Recent Follow-Up, and Comparisons between Who Ever/Never Reported Inability to Access Health and Social Services.
| Total (N = 2494) |
Ever (N = 1632) |
Never (N = 862) |
P- value |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics (N (%)) | ||||
| Study visits (Median [IQR]) | 7 [3,12] | 8 [4,13] | 4 [2,10] | <0.001 |
| Age in years (Median [IQR]) | 42.9 [29.2, 51.3] |
43.6 [29.7, 51.5] |
41.0 [27.9, 51.0] |
0.026 |
| Male | 1657 (66.4) | 1075 (65.9) | 582 (67.5) | 0.41 |
| Caucasian | 1551 (62.2) | 1011 (61.9) | 540 (62.6) | 0.73 |
| Residing in DTES, L6M | 1334 (53.5) | 870 (53.3) | 464 (53.8) | 0.81 |
| In a stable relationshipa, L6M | 702 (28.2) | 469 (28.8) | 233 (27.1) | 0.38 |
| Education, less than high school | 1318 (53.0) | 862 (53.0) | 456 (52.9) | 0.97 |
| Employment, L6M | 657 (26.3) | 423 (25.9) | 234 (27.1) | 0.51 |
| Daily heroin use, L6M | 343 (13.8) | 208 (12.7) | 135 (15.7) | 0.044 |
| Daily prescription opioids use, L6M |
108 (4.3) | 71 (4.4) | 37 (4.3) | 0.95 |
| Daily stimulants use, L6M | 665 (26.7) | 430 (26.3) | 235 (27.3) | 0.62 |
| Overdose, ever | 1485 (59.5) | 1022 (62.6) | 463 (53.7) | <0.001 |
| Binge alcohol use, ever | 2209 (88.6) | 1478 (90.6) | 731 (84.8) | <0.001 |
| Incarceration, ever | 1957 (78.5) | 1304 (79.9) | 653 (75.8) | 0.017 |
| Homelessness, ever | 2262 (90.7) | 1526 (93.5) | 736 (85.4) | <0.001 |
| Dealing drugs, ever | 1985 (79.6) | 1323 (81.1) | 662 (76.8) | 0.012 |
| Sex work, ever | 762 (30.6) | 537 (32.9) | 225 (26.1) | <0.001 |
| Victim of violence, L6M | 443 (17.8) | 316 (19.4) | 127 (14.7) | 0.004 |
| HIV positive | 792 (31.8) | 490 (30.0) | 302 (35.0) | 0.011 |
| HCV positive | 1885 (75.6) | 1230 (75.4) | 655 (76.0) | 0.73 |
| Mental health conditions, ever | 1971 (79.0) | 1372 (84.1) | 599 (69.5) | <0.001 |
| Calendar year | <0.001 | |||
| 2005–2007 | 325 (13.0) | 155 (9.5) | 170 (19.7) | |
| 2008–2010 | 406 (16.3) | 251 (15.4) | 155 (18.0) | |
| 2011–2013 | 1036 (41.5) | 734 (45.0) | 302 (35.0) | |
| 2014–2015 | 727 (29.1) | 492 (30.1) | 235 (27.3) | |
| Cohort | 0.008 | |||
| ACCESS | 785 (31.5) | 485 (29.7) | 300 (34.8) | |
| VIDUS | 1139 (45.7) | 780 (47.8) | 359 (41.6) | |
| ARYS | 570 (22.9) | 367 (22.5) | 203 (23.5) |
Abbreviatios: DTES: downtown eastside; L6M: last six months; ACCESS: the AIDS Care Cohort to evaluate Exposure to Survival Services; VIDUS: the Vancouver Injection Drug Users Study; ARYS: the At-Risk Youth Study.
a
Legally married/common law/regular partner.