Table 2.

Bivariate and Multiple Regression Analyses of Factors Associated with Self-reported Inability to Access Health and Social Services in the Previous 6 Months of Assessment (^aN = 2494).

	Bivariate		Multivariable
	Unadjusted OR (95% CI)	P- value	Adjusted OR (95% CI)	P- value
Mental health conditions, L6M	1.61 (1.48–1.75)	<0.001	1.45 (1.32–1.58)	<0.001
HIV positive	0.69 (0.61–0.78)	<0.001	0.96 (0.85–1.08)	0.50
HCV positive	0.51 (0.45–0.58)	<0.001	0.80 (0.69–0.93)	0.003
Age in years	0.96 (0.96, 0.97)	<0.001	1.00 (0.99, 1.00)	0.37
Male	0.91 (0.81–1.03)	0.14	0.82 (0.73–0.93)	0.002
Caucasian	1.33 (1.19–1.50)	<0.001	1.23 (1.10–1.38)	<0.001
Residing in DTES, L6M	1.00 (0.91–1.10)	0.97	0.90 (0.82–0.99)	0.034
Employment, L6M	1.10 (1.00–1.22)	0.050	1.08 (0.98–1.20)	0.12
Daily heroin use, L6M	1.32 (1.18–1.48)	<0.001	0.97 (0.86–1.09)	0.60
Daily prescription opioids use, L6M	1.04 (0.86–1.25)	0.71	0.91 (0.75–1.11)	0.36
Daily stimulants use, L6M	1.28 (1.17–1.40)	<0.001	0.95 (0.85–1.05)	0.29
Overdose, L6M	1.91 (1.63–2.23)	<0.001	1.39 (1.18–1.63)	<0.001
Binge alcohol use, L6M	1.56 (1.42–1.72)	<0.001	1.25 (1.14–1.39)	<0.001
Incarceration, L6M	1.89 (1.67–2.14)	<0.001	1.19 (1.04–1.36)	0.009
Homelessness, L6M	3.22 (2.95–3.53)	<0.001	2.57 (2.33–2.84)	<0.001
Sex work, L6M	1.41 (1.21–1.64)	<0.001	1.07 (0.91–1.25)	0.41
Dealing drugs, L6M	1.76 (1.59–1.94)	<0.001	1.21 (1.08–1.34)	<0.001
Victim of violence, L6M	2.59 (2.35–2.85)	<0.001	1.95 (1.76–2.16)	<0.001
Calendar year
2005–2007	Reference		Reference
2008–2010	0.92 (0.84–1.02)	0.12	1.10 (0.99–1.22)	0.064
2011–2013	0.56 (0.50–0.63)	<0.001	0.80 (0.71–0.90)	<0.001
2014–2015	0.62 (0.52–0.73)	<0.001	0.80 (0.67–0.96)	0.018

Abbreviations: DTES: downtown eastside; L6M: last six months.

^aA total of 2494 participants with 18,028 observations were analyzed.