Table 1.
Neonatal studies of the microcirculation using orthogonal polarization spectral, sidestream dark field or incident dark field imaging
| Study | N | Age group | Technique/site | Disease | Intervention | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genzel-Boroviczény et al. 2002 [47] | 37 | Preterm/term | OPS/skin | - | - | Feasibility study; RBC velocity increases in preterm infants, correlated with a decrease in Hb |
| Genzel-Boroviczény et al. 2004 [61] | 13 | Preterm | OPS/skin | Anemia | RBC transfusion | FCD improves at least 24 h |
| Kroth et al. 2008 [62] | 25 | Preterm | OPS/skin | - | - | FCD decreases in first 4 weeks of life, correlated with Hb levels and incubator temperature |
| Top et al. 2009 [70] | 14 | 0–18 days | OPS/buccal | Respiratory failure | - | FCD is decreased compared with non-ventilated controls, VA-ECMO improves FCD |
| Weidlich et al. 2009 [87] | 25 | Preterm | OPS/skin | Infection | - | FCD decreases 1 day before clinical signs of infection |
| Hiedl et al. 2010 [81] | 25 | Preterm | SDF/skin | PDA | PDA closure | Reduces FCD with PDA, recovery of FCD after closure of PDA |
| Ergenekon et al. 2011 [63] | 15 | Term | SDF/skin | Polycythemia | PET | PET improves FCD |
| D’Souza et al. 2011 [111] | 115 | Preterm/term | OPS/skin | LBW | - | FCD is increased in LBW compared with normal birth weight infants |
| Top et al. 2012 [73] | 21 | Term | OPS/buccal | Respiratory failure | VA-ECMO | FCD is maintained but not immediately improved following initiation of VA-ECMO |
| Ergenekon et al. 2013 [112] | 14 | Term | SDF/skin | Asphyxia | TH | Flow is impaired compared with controls, flow improves after re-warming |
| Alba-Alejandre et al. 2013 [113] | 47 | Term | OPS/skin | Infection | Flow is decreased during infection, no difference in FCD | |
| Schwepcke et al. 2013 [114] | 21 | Preterm | SDF/skin | Hypotension | FCD is increased in hypotensive neonates 6 h after birth; it subsequently normalized to normotensive control levels | |
| Raghuraman et al. 2013 [115] | 141 | Preterm/term | OPS/skin | - | - | FCD is increased in twins compared with singletons, low birth weight was associated with lower FCD |
| Buijs et al. 2014 [74] | 56 | Term | SDF/buccal | CDH | - | Loss of hemodynamic coherence; severely impaired MC after dopamine predicts need for the addition of (nor)epinephrine |
| Van den Berg et al. 2014 [116] | 28 | Term | SDF | - | - | Buccal measurements of vessel density are reproducible, cutaneous are not reproducible |
| Van Elteren et al. 2015 [68] | 20 | Preterm | SDF/IDF | - | - | IDF is superior compared with SDF in vessel visualization, visualization of perfusion, and image quality score |
CDH congenital diaphragmatic hernia, FCD functional capillary density, Hb hemoglobin, IDF incident dark field imaging, LBW low birth weight, OPS orthogonal polarization spectral imaging, PDA persistent ductus arteriosus, PET partial exchange transfusion, RBC red blood cell, SDF sidestream dark field imaging, TH therapeutic hypothermia, VA-ECMO veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation