Table 2.

Pediatric studies of the microcirculation using orthogonal polarization spectral or sidestream dark field

Study	N	Age group	Technique/site	Disease	Intervention	Outcome
Top et al. 2010 [71]	45	0–3 years	OPS/buccal	-	-	FCD decreases after the first week of life
Top et al. 2011 [48]	18	0–15 years	OPS/buccal	Septic shock	-	FCD does not differ on day 1, non-survivors have persistently low FCD
Top et al. 2011 [72]	8	0–3 years	OPS/buccal	Respiratory failure	iNO	iNO increases FCD without altering macrocirculatory parameters
Paize et al. 2012 [117]	60	0–6 years	SDF/sublingual	MCD	-	FCD is decreased at admission; however, it increases when MCD resolves. HI is correlated with duration of ventilation
Buijs et al. 2014 [49]	20	0–16 years	SDF/buccal	Cardiac arrest	TH	FCD and flow are impaired during TH; however, they recover after re-warming. Severe impairment was associated with mortality
Nussbaum et al. 2015 [85]	40	0–3 years	SDF/ear	Cardiac surgery/catheterization	-	Transient reduction in MFI and PVD after cardiac surgery with and without cardiopulmonary bypass
Schinagl et al. 2016 [86]	37	Unknown	SDF/buccal	Anemia	Blood Tx	Transfusion increased TVD with decreased RBC velocity, particularly during infection

FCD functional capillary density, HI heterogeneity index, iNO inhaled nitric oxide, MCD meningococcal disease, MFI microvascular flow index, OPS orthogonal polarization spectral imaging, PVD perfused vessel density, RBC red blood cell, SDF sidestream dark field imaging, TH therapeutic hypothermia, TVD total vessel density, Tx transfusion